A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
21st Brigade 21st Infantry Brigade | |
---|---|
Active | 1914–1918 1940 |
Country | ![]() |
Branch | ![]() |
Type | Infantry |
Size | Brigade |
Part of | 7th Division |
Engagements | Second Boer War World War I World War II |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | Maj-Gen Bruce Hamilton Brig J.C.O. Marriott |
21st Brigade (21st Bde) was an infantry formation of the British Army first organised in the Second Boer War, when it took part in Ian Hamilton's March from Bloemfontein to Pretoria. Reformed in World War I it served under the command of first 7th Division and then 30th Division, fighting in most of the major battles on the Western Front from the First Battle of Ypres to the Armistice. It was briefly re-raised in the Sudan early in World War II before being transferred to the Indian Army.
Second Boer War
British Army brigades had traditionally been ad hoc formations known by the name of their commander or numbered as an integral part of a division. However, units deployed to the Second Boer War in 1899 were organised into sequentially numbered brigades that were frequently reassigned between divisions.[1][2] 21st Brigade was formed in South Africa in April 1900 under the command of Major-General Bruce Hamilton.[3] Bruce Hamilton (described as a 'superb fighting general'[4]) had begun the war a substantive Major and Brevet Colonel serving as Assistant Adjutant General of 2nd Division, and had been wounded in the action at Venter's Spruit on 20 January.[5][6][7] His new brigade comprised three Regular infantry battalions together with the famous City Imperial Volunteers (CIV), recently arrived from Britain.[3][8][9]
Order of Battle 1900
The composition of 21st Bde in April–June 1900 was as follows:[3] [10] [11]
- 76th Battery, Royal Field Artillery (RFA) – arrived in South Africa from Ireland in January 1900 as part of X Brigade-Division, Royal Field Artillery, in 6th Division and had served at the Battle of Paardeberg[12][13]
- 1st Battalion Royal Sussex Regiment – arrived in South Africa from Malta in March 1900[7]
- 1st Battalion Derbyshire Regiment – arrived in South Africa from Egypt in December 1899 and had served at the Orange River Crossing and then in 22nd Bde of 3rd Division in the Mafeking relief operations[14][15][16]
- 1st Battalion Cameron Highlanders) – arrived in South Africa from Egypt in April and had been in the operations near Bloemfontein[17][18]
- Infantry Battalion, City Imperial Volunteers (CIV) – arrived in South Africa from England in February and had seen some action at De Aar[9][19]
- Bearer Company and Field Hospital, Royal Army Medical Corps
Bloemfontein to Pretoria
21st Brigade began operations as part of Lord Roberts' force and was then assigned to Lieutenant-General Ian Hamilton's Winburg Column. This force operated on Lord Roberts' right flank during the advance into the Orange Free State.[3][4][20][21][22]
Hamilton's Column left Bloemfontein on 22 April and took part in the following general actions in a march of over 450 miles (720 km) in 45 days:[10][23]
- Israel's Poorte, 25 April
- Houtnek, 30 April–1 May
- Welkom, 4 May
- Passage of the Sand River, 10 May: 21st Brigade crossed the river covered by artillery fire and deployed on a wide front before advancing, the Sussex and CIV coming under heavy fire.[24]
- Affair of Lindley, 20 May
- Doornkop 29 May: Hamilton attacked a force of several thousand Boers occupying a group of kopjes east of the town. While the cavalry worked round the left flank the widely-dispersed infantry advanced against the Boer centre at 15.00, with 19th Brigade on the right and 21st on the left. The CIV led Bruce Hamilton's attack, which according to Winston Churchill (observing as a war correspondent) was 'pressed with vigour, and directed with skill', the CIV advancing 'with great dash and spirit'. During the advance the two brigades diverged, but the Sussex and an artillery battery were pushed forward into the gap. After exchanges of rifle fire, the CIV clearing Roodepoort, the Boers began to pull back and were shelled as they retreated. The British casualties were not heavy except in 19th Bde. Advancing 6 miles (9.7 km) on to Florida, the force found sufficient supplies to continue the advance while the convoys caught up.[25][26][27][28]
- Six Mile Spruit (Pretoria) 4 June
- Battle of Diamond Hill, 11–12 June: The Boers made a stand beyond Pretoria, and after a fierce action involving the cavalry and mounted infantry (MI), Bruce Hamilton was ordered to advance against a scrub-covered ridge in front of the main Diamond Hill ridge. After an artillery preparation the Sussex established themselves on the northern end of the ridge while the CIV and MI held the Boers frontally and slowly rolled up other end. The Boers began to withdraw, but in crossing the open ground before the main hill they came under heavy rifle fire from Hamilton's men. Next day (12 June) the advance was resumed: once 1st (Guards) Brigade had come up in support, 21st Bde began the attack at 13.00. The Derbyshires (Sherwood Foresters), who had been skirmishing in the morning, now advanced up a flat tongue of land to the right, the CIV in the centre, and the Sussex on the left. The advance was exposed to enfilade fire from pom-pom guns but the infantry made lodgements along the rim of the Diamond Hill plateau. Here they were exposed to fire from another kopje and casualties began to mount. 82nd Battery, RFA, was brought up to suppress this fire, and by 16.00 the Guards and more batteries were up. Fighting died down at sunset, and the Boers withdrew during the night.[7][16][29][30][31]
Guerrilla warfare
After Diamond Hill and the occupation of Pretoria and Johannesburg the war resolved into a lengthy guerrilla campaign conducted on the British side by ad hoc columns, often mounted. The CIV and Derbyshires left 21st Bde on convoy work, but the other units participated in the battle of Retiefs Nek (24 July) and the capture of the main Orange Free State force at the Brandwater Basin (30 July). Having covered 1,200 miles (1,900 km) since 28 April, 21st Bde began a new 80 miles (130 km) march on 28 August. Its task was first to relieve a surrounded force of MI and Imperial Yeomanry, during which it captured Commandant Olivier and his force, then to rescue a force of Royal Marine Light Infantry and Yeomanry, to rout Commandant Fourie's force on 4 September. Thereafter its units continued to participate individually in the efforts to catch Christiaan de Wet and the other Boer forces still at large – Bruce Hamilton still had the Sussex and Cameron Highlanders with him during the autumn campaign – but the brigade organisation had disappeared.[7][16][18][19][32][33]
World War I
It was assigned to the 7th Division and later to 30th Division, serving on the Western Front during World War I.
Order of battle
The composition of the brigade was:[34]
- 2nd Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment (transferred to 89th Brigade 20 December 1915)
- 2nd Battalion, Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) (left May 1918)
- 2nd Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers (transferred to 90th Brigade 20 December 1915)
- 2nd Battalion, The Duke of Edinburgh's (Wiltshire Regiment) (left May 1918)
- 18th (Service) Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) (joined from 89th Brigade 20 December 1915, rejoined 89th Brigade February 1918)
- 19th (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment (4th City) (joined from 90th Brigade 20 December 1915 disbanded February 1918)
- 17th (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment (2nd City) (joined February 1918, left as cadre June 1918)
- 2/5th (Service) Battalion, Lincolnshire Regiment (joined May 1918, left June 1918)
- 21st Machine Gun Company (joined 8 March 1916, moved to 30th Battalion Machine Gun Corps (M.G.C.) 1 March 1918
- 21st Trench Mortar Battery formed by 5 July 1916
On reorganisation in July 1918:
- 7th (South Irish Horse) Battalion, The Royal Irish Regiment
- 1/6th Battalion, Cheshire Regiment
- 2/23rd (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment
- 21st Trench Mortar Battery
World War II
The brigade was reformed in World War II. The brigade Headquarters were formed in the Sudan on 24 July 1940, commanded by Brigadier J.C.O. Marriott and, as in World War I, consisting of three Regular Army battalions. However, with the arrival of the 5th Indian Infantry Division, which at the time consisted only of two brigades, the brigade was transferred to the Indian Army establishment and subsequently, on 12 October 1940, redesignated as the 29th Indian Infantry Brigade and the battalions were posted to the other two brigades of 5th Indian Division, the 2nd West Yorkshire Regiment to the 9th Indian Infantry Brigade and 1st Essex Regiment to 10th Indian Infantry Brigade.[35][36]
Order of battle
- 2nd Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment
- 1st Battalion, Essex Regiment
- 1st Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment
Notes
- ^ Amery, Vol II, p. 114.
- ^ Dunlop, p 74.
- ^ a b c d Amery, Appendix, p 505.
- ^ a b Lee, pp. 59–60.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol II, 'Chart of Staff Appointments'.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol III, p. 104.
- ^ a b c d Sussex Rgt at Anglo Boer War.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol III, pp. 171–3.
- ^ a b Creswicke, Vol III, p. 132.
- ^ a b Churchill, Appendix.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol V, p. 90.
- ^ Frederick, p. 500.
- ^ 76th Bty RA at Anglo Boer War.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol III, p. 49.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol V, p. 68.
- ^ a b c Sherwood Foresters at Anglo Boer War.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol V, pp. 17–8.
- ^ a b Camerons at Anglo Boer War.
- ^ a b CIV at Anglo Boer War.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol V, p. 97.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol V, p. 168.
- ^ Pakenham, p. 219.
- ^ Churchill, pp. 86–107, 137–54.
- ^ Churchill, pp. 173–81.
- ^ Churchill, pp. 245–57.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol V, pp. 147–8.
- ^ Lee, p. 61.
- ^ Pakenham, p. 220.
- ^ Churchill, pp. 381–400.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol VI, pp. 12–9.
- ^ Lee, pp. 61–2.
- ^ Creswicke, Vol VI, pp. 34–5, 49–53, 114–6.
- ^ Pakenham, pp. 226–35.
- ^ "7th Division". The Long Long Trail. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- ^ Joslen, p. 263.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
References
- L.S. Amery (ed), The Times History of the War in South Africa 1899-1902, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Vol II 1902; Vol III, 1905; Vol IV, 1906.
- Winston Spencer Churchill, Ian Hamilton's March, London: Longman's 1900. (Internet Archive e-book).
- Louis Creswicke, South Africa and the Transvaal War, Vol II, From the Commencement of the War to the Battle of Colenso, 15th Dec. 1899 (Project Gutenberg e-book).
- Louis Creswicke, South Africa and the Transvaal War, Vol III, From the Battle of Colenso, 15th Dec. 1899, to Lord Roberts's Advance into the Free State, 12th Feb. 1900 (Project Gutenberg e-book).
- Louis Creswicke, South Africa and the Transvaal War, Vol V, From the Disaster at Koorn Spruit to Lord Roberts's Entry into Pretoria (Project Gutenberg e-book).
- Louis Creswicke, South Africa and the Transvaal War, Vol VI, From the Occupation of Pretoria to Mr Kuger's Departure from South Africa, with a Summarised Account of the Guerilla War to March 1901 (Project Gutenberg e-book).
- Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.
- J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol II, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-009-X.
- Lt-Col H.F. Joslen, Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945, London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/London: London Stamp Exchange, 1990, ISBN 0-948130-03-2/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 1-843424-74-6.
- John Lee, A Soldier's Life: General Sir Ian Hamilton 1853–1947, London: Macmillan, 2000/Pan 2001, ISBN 0-330-48400-1.
- Thomas Pakenham, The Boer War, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979/abridged edition 1993, ISBN 0-297-83222-0.
External sources
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British Army
Infantry
Brigade
7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
Second Boer War
World War I
World War II
Major-general (United Kingdom)
Bruce Hamilton (British Army officer)
Brigadier (United Kingdom)
John Charles Oakes Marriott
British Army
Second Boer War
Ian Hamilton (British Army officer)
Bloemfontein
Pretoria
World War I
7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
30th Division (United Kingdom)
Western Front (World War I)
First Battle of Ypres
Armistice with Germany
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
World War II
Second Boer War
Major-general (United Kingdom)
Bruce Hamilton (British Army officer)
Major (United Kingdom)
Brevet (military)
Colonel (United Kingdom)
Assistant Adjutant General
2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
British Army
City Imperial Volunteers
Royal Field Artillery
Ireland
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6th (United Kingdom) Division
Battle of Paardeberg
Royal Sussex Regiment
Malta
Sherwood Foresters
History of Egypt under the British
2nd Brigade (United Kingdom)
3rd (United Kingdom) Division
Relief of Mafeking
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
Bloemfontein
City Imperial Volunteers
De Aar
Royal Army Medical Corps
Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts
Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Ian Hamilton (British Army officer)
Winburg
Orange Free State
Welkom
Sand River (Free State)
Lindley, Free State
Doornkop
Kopje
19th Brigade (United Kingdom)
Winston Churchill
Pretoria
Battle of Diamond Hill
1st (Guards) Brigade
QF 1-pounder pom-pom
Pretoria
Johannesburg
Guerrilla warfare
Imperial Yeomanry
Royal Marine Light Infantry
Christiaan de Wet
7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
30th Division (United Kingdom)
Western Front (World War I)
World War I
Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment
Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment)
Royal Scots Fusiliers
The Duke of Edinburgh's (Wiltshire Regiment)
King's Regiment (Liverpool)
19th (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment (4th City)
17th (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment (2nd City)
Lincolnshire Regiment
Machine Gun Corps
Royal Irish Regiment (1684-1922)
6th Battalion, Cheshire Regiment
23rd (County of London) Battalion
World War II
Sudan
Brigadier (United Kingdom)
John Charles Oakes Marriott
Standing army
5th Infantry Division (India)
Indian Army during World War II
29th Indian Infantry Brigade
West Yorkshire Regiment
9th Indian Infantry Brigade
Essex Regiment
10th Indian Infantry Brigade
West Yorkshire Regiment
Essex Regiment
Worcestershire Regiment
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Template:British infantry brigades of the Second World War
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List of British infantry brigades of the Second World War (1–100)
List of British infantry brigades of the Second World War (101–308 and named)
1st Gibraltar Brigade
1st Armoured Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
231st Brigade (United Kingdom)
1st Malaya Infantry Brigade
Sudan Defence Force
2nd Gibraltar Brigade
2nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
232nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
2nd Malaya Infantry Brigade
Sudan Defence Force
3rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
233rd Brigade (United Kingdom)
4th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
234th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
5th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
5th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
6th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
6th Guards Tank Brigade (United Kingdom)
7th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters East
7th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters East
18th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
8th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
9th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
10th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
11th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters South East
12th Armoured Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
14th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
15th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
16th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
17th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
18th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
19th Light Brigade (United Kingdom)
20th Independent Infantry Brigade (Guards)
22nd Guards Brigade
22nd Guards Brigade
23rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
24th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
25th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
26th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
28th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
29th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
30th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
30th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
31st Brigade (United Kingdom)
32nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
33rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
38th (Irish) Infantry Brigade
42nd Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North West
43rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
52nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
56th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
61st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
66th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
71st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
72nd Brigade (United Kingdom)
73rd Brigade (United Kingdom)
39th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
213th Brigade (United Kingdom)
220th Brigade (United Kingdom)
178th (2/1st Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire) Brigade
185th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
22nd Guards Brigade
22nd Guards Brigade
201st Independent Infantry Brigade (Home)
202nd Independent Infantry Brigade (Home)
203rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
204th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home)
205th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home)
206th Independent Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
207th Independent Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
208th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home)
209th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
210th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home)
211th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
212th Brigade (United Kingdom)
213th Brigade (United Kingdom)
214th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
215th Brigade (United Kingdom)
216th Brigade (United Kingdom)
217th Brigade (United Kingdom)
218th Brigade (United Kingdom)
219th Brigade (United Kingdom)
220th Brigade (United Kingdom)
221st Independent Infantry Brigade (Home)
222nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
223rd Brigade (United Kingdom)
224th Brigade (United Kingdom)
225th Brigade (United Kingdom)
226th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
227th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
228th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
231st Brigade (United Kingdom)
232nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
233rd Brigade (United Kingdom)
234th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
301st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
302nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
303rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
304th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
305th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
306th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
307th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
308th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
167th (1st London) Brigade
168th (2nd London) Brigade
169th (3rd London) Brigade
140th (4th London) Brigade
141st (5th London) Brigade
142nd (6th London) Brigade
26th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
27th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
28th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
35th Brigade (United Kingdom)
36th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
37th Brigade (United Kingdom)
44th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
45th Brigade (United Kingdom)
46th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
53rd Brigade (United Kingdom)
54th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
55th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
69th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
70th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
113th Brigade (United Kingdom)
114th Brigade (United Kingdom)
115th Brigade (United Kingdom)
125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade
126th (East Lancashire) Brigade
127th (Manchester) Brigade
Hampshire Brigade
129th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
130th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
131st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
132nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
133rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
134th (2/1st Hampshire) Brigade
135th (2/1st South Western) Brigade
136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade
137th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
138th (Lincoln and Leicester) Brigade
139th (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire) Brigade
140th (4th London) Brigade
141st (5th London) Brigade
143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
144th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
145 (South) Brigade (United Kingdom)
146th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
148th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
150th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
152nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
153rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
154th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
155th (South Scottish) Brigade
156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade
157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade
158th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
159th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
160th (Wales) Brigade
Essex Brigade
162nd (East Midland) Brigade
163rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
164th (North Lancashire) Brigade
165th (Liverpool) Brigade
166th (South Lancashire) Brigade
167th (1st London) Brigade
168th (2nd London) Brigade
169th (3rd London) Brigade
176th (2/1st Staffordshire) Brigade
177th (2/1st Lincoln and Leicester) Brigade
182nd (2nd Warwickshire) Brigade
183rd (2nd Gloucester and Worcester) Brigade
184th (2nd South Midland) Brigade
197th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade
198th (East Lancashire) Brigade
199th (Manchester) Brigade
21st (East Africa) Infantry Brigade
22nd (East Africa) Infantry Brigade
25th (East Africa) Infantry Brigade
27th (N Rhodesia) Infantry Brigade
21st (East Africa) Infantry Brigade
22nd (East Africa) Infantry Brigade
25th (East Africa) Infantry Brigade
27th (N Rhodesia) Infantry Brigade
27th (N Rhodesia) Infantry Brigade
1st (West Africa) Infantry Brigade
2nd (West Africa) Infantry Brigade
1st (West Africa) Infantry Brigade
2nd (West Africa) Infantry Brigade
116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines
117th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines
29th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
23rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
233rd Brigade (United Kingdom)
British Forces Overseas Hong Kong
Jewish Brigade
231st Brigade (United Kingdom)
232nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
231st Brigade (United Kingdom)
234th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
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