Ali ibn al-Madini - Wiki slovník

Ali ibn al-Madini
Ali ibn al-Madini
Personal
Born	161 AH
Died	234 AH
Religion	Islam
Era	Islamic golden age
Region	Iraq
Creed	Athari
Main interest(s)	Hadith
Muslim leader
	Influenced by Imam Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf, Ahmad Ibn Hanbal;
	Influenced Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani;

Abū al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn ʻAbdillāh ibn Jaʻfar al-Madīnī (778 CE/161 AH – 849/234) (Arabic: أبو الحسن علي بن عبد الله بن جعفر المديني) was a ninth-century Sunni Islamic scholar who was influential in the science of hadith.^[4] Alongside Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Abi Shaybah and Yahya ibn Ma'in, Ibn al-Madini has been considered by many Muslim specialists in hadith to be one of the four most significant authors in the field.^[5]

Biography

Ibn al-Madīnī was born in the year 778 CE/161 AH in Basra, Iraq to a family with roots in Medina now in Saudi Arabia.^[6] His teachers include his father, ʻAbdullāh ibn Jaʻfar, Ḥammād ibn Yazīd, Hushaym and Sufyān ibn ʻUyaynah and other from their era. His teacher, Ibn ʻUyaynah, said that he had learned more from Ibn al-Madīnī, his student, than his student from him.^[4]

Ibn al-Madīnī specialized in the disciplines of hadith, biographical evaluation and al-ʻIlal, hidden defects, in the sanad, chain of narration. He was praised by other hadith specialists for his prowess in that field—by both his contemporaries, students and his teachers. ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī, a scholar who preceded him, described Ibn al-Madīnī the most knowledgeable person of prophetic hadith.^[4]

His students include prominent hadith scholars in their own right. They include: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Dhuhalī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl al-Bukhārī, Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʻath al-Sijistānī and others. Al-Bukhārī, who went on the collect what is considered to be the most authentic collection of hadith in Sunni Islam, said that he did not consider himself diminutive in comparison to anyone other than Ibn al-Madīnī.

Al-Dhahabī lauded Ibn al-Madīnī as an imām and as exemplary to subsequent scholars in the field in hadith, a description he considered tarnished by Ibn al-Madīnī's adopted position in the theological inquisition of the ninth century. According to Al-Dhahabī, he adopted a position in favor of the Muʻtazilah regarding the uncreated origin of the Quran, but later regretted this and declared the claimant that the Quran was created as an apostate.^[4]

Ibn al-Madīnī died in Samarra, Iraq in June, 849/Dhu al-Qa'dah, 234.^[4]^[6]

Works

Al-Nawawī said Ibn al-Madīnī authored approximately 200 works some on subjects not previously written about and many not since superseded.^[6]

al-ʻIlal – on the subject of hidden defects (`ilal) in the sanads of hadith;^[6] of which a small segment has been published^[7]
Kitāb al-Ḍuʻafāʼ – on the subject of weak hadith narrators in the discipline of biographical evaluation^[7]
al-Mudallisūn – on the subject of hadith narrators who utilize ambiguous terminology in narrating^[7]
al-Asmāʼ wa al-Kunā – on names paidonymics^[7]
al-Musnad – a collection of hadith arranged by narrator^[7]
Kitab Ma'rifat al-Sahaba – The Book of Knowledge of the Companions

Early Islam scholars

Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions

Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught

Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught

Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught

Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught

Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught

Umar (579–644) second caliph taught

Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught

Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught

Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught

Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha

Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught

Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught

Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught

Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught

Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught

Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught

Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught

Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught

Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught

Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar

Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught

Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught

Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother

Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught

Zayd ibn Ali (695–740)

Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught

Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught

Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas

Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas

Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh

Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)

al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught

Ismail ibn Ibrahim

Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions

Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography

Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775)

Musa al-Kadhim (745–799)

Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books

Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books

Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school

Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books

Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles

Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book

Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia

Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari

Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna

Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia

Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia

Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism

Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism

Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions

Key: Taught in Medina

Key: Taught in Iraq

Key: Worked in Syria

Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith

Key: Worked in Persia

References

^ Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 1: The Traditionalists of Iraq". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th–10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 90-04-10952-8.
^ Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 1: The Traditionalists of Iraq". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th–10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 20. ISBN 90-04-10952-8.
^ Al-Bastawī, ʻAbd al-ʻAlīm ʻAbd al-ʻAẓīm (1990). Al-Imām al-Jūzajānī wa-manhajuhu fi al-jarḥ wa-al-taʻdīl. Maktabat Dār al-Ṭaḥāwī. p. 9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e al-Dhahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (1957). al-Mu`allimi (ed.). Tadhkirah al-Huffaz (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Hyderabad: Dairah al-Ma`arif al-`Uthmaniyyah. pp. 428–9.
^ Ibn al-Jawzi, The Life of Ibn Hanbal, pg. 45. Trns. Michael Cooperson. New York: New York University Press, 2016. ISBN 9781479805303
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d al-Nawawi, Yahya ibn Sharaf (2005). Ali Mu`awwad and Adil Abd al-Mawjud (ed.). Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat (in Arabic). Vol. al–Asma. Beirut: Dar al-Nafaes. pp. 455–6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e al-Mu`allimi, Abd al-Rahman ibn Yahya (1996). Ali al-Halabi (ed.). 'Ilm al-Rijal wa Ahimmiyyatuh (in Arabic) (first ed.). Riyadh: Dar al-Rayah. p. 38.

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[1] Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 1: The Traditionalists of Iraq". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th–10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 90-04-10952-8.

[2] Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 1: The Traditionalists of Iraq". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th–10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 20. ISBN 90-04-10952-8.

[3] Al-Bastawī, ʻAbd al-ʻAlīm ʻAbd al-ʻAẓīm (1990). Al-Imām al-Jūzajānī wa-manhajuhu fi al-jarḥ wa-al-taʻdīl. Maktabat Dār al-Ṭaḥāwī. p. 9.

[Tadhkirah-4] -Dhahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (1957). al-Mu`allimi (ed.). Tadhkirah al-Huffaz (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Hyderabad: Dairah al-Ma`arif al-`Uthmaniyyah. pp. 428–9.

[5] Ibn al-Jawzi, The Life of Ibn Hanbal, pg. 45. Trns. Michael Cooperson. New York: New York University Press, 2016. ISBN 9781479805303

[Nawawi-6] -Nawawi, Yahya ibn Sharaf (2005). Ali Mu`awwad and Adil Abd al-Mawjud (ed.). Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat (in Arabic). Vol. al–Asma. Beirut: Dar al-Nafaes. pp. 455–6.

[`Ilm_al-Rijal-7] -Mu`allimi, Abd al-Rahman ibn Yahya (1996). Ali al-Halabi (ed.). 'Ilm al-Rijal wa Ahimmiyyatuh (in Arabic) (first ed.). Riyadh: Dar al-Rayah. p. 38.

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