Top: Territorial map of the Syrian civil war in September 2014
Bottom: Current territorial map of the Syrian civil war

CJTF–OIR
 United States
 Turkey
Syrian Revolutionary Army (2011–present)
Supported by:

•  United Kingdom^[1]
•  France^[2]

Local ground forces
Syrian Democratic Forces

• YPG^[19]
• YPJ
• Syriac Military Council
• Al-Sanadid Forces
• Euphrates Volcano (2014–15)^[20]

Syrian Arab Republic^[21]
 Russia
 Iran (limited aircraft shoot-downs)^[22][23]
Supported by:

• Islamic Resistance in Iraq^[24]
• Popular Mobilization Forces
• Kata'ib Hezbollah (limited 2019 and 2021 strikes)
•  North Korea^[25]

Islamic Front (2013–2015)
Syrian Salvation Government (2017–present)

• Ahrar al-Sham (Nov. 2014 airstrikes, intentionality disputed)^[26][27]
• Tahrir al-Sham (2017–present)
• Jaysh al-Sunna (2015–2017)^[28]

 Islamic State

al-Qaeda

• al-Nusra Front (2014–2017)^[29][30]
  • Khorasan group^[31]
• Rouse the Believers Operations Room (2018–2020)^[32]
  • Hurras al-Din^[33][34] (2018–present)
• Jund al-Aqsa^[35] (2014–17)^[36][37]

Turkistan Islamic Party^[38]

Joe Biden (since 20 January 2021)
Donald Trump (until 20 January 2021)
Barack Obama (until 20 January 2017)
Chuck Hagel (until 2015)
Ashton Carter (until 2017)
James Mattis (until 2019)
Patrick M. Shanahan (until 23 June 2019)
Mark Esper (until 9 November 2020)
Lloyd Austin (since 22 January 2021)
Mette Frederiksen (since 27 June 2019)
Lars Løkke Rasmussen (until 27 June 2019)
Helle Thorning-Schmidt
Mark Rutte
Keir Starmer (since 5 July 2024)
Rishi Sunak (until 5 July 2024)
Liz Truss (Until 25 October 2022)
Boris Johnson (until 6 September 2022)
Theresa May (until 24 July 2019)
David Cameron (until 13 July 2016)
Stephen Hillier
Anthony Albanese (since 23 May 2022)
Scott Morrison (until 23 May 2022)
Malcolm Turnbull (until 24 August 2018)
Tony Abbott (until 15 September 2015)
Trevor Jones
David Johnston
Emmanuel Macron (since 14 May 2017)
François Hollande (until 14 May 2017)
Jean-Yves Le Drian
Pierre de Villiers
King Salman
King Abdullah († 2015)
Mohammad bin Salman
King Mohammed VI
Abdelilah Benkirane
Bouchaib Arroub
Mohamed bin Zayed (since 14 May 2022)
Khalifa Al Nahyan (until 13 May 2022)
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Tamim Al Thani
Hamad bin Ali Al Attiyah
Salih Muslim Muhammad
Masoud Barzani
Olaf Scholz (until January 2022)
Angela Merkel (until 8 December 2021)
Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer
Volker Wieker
Stephen Harper (until November 2015)
Justin Trudeau (until February 2016)
Thomas J. Lawson (until February 2016)

Bashar al-Assad
Dawoud Rajiha (until 2012)
Fahd Jassem al-Freij (until 2018)
Ali Abdullah Ayyoub (until 2020)
Ali Mahmoud Abbas (since 2022)
Vladimir Putin
Dmitry Medvedev (until 2020)
Mikhail Mishustin (from 2020)
Sergei Shoygu
Valery Gerasimov
Viktor Bondarev
Sergey Rudskoy
(Chief of Gen Staff. Ops. Dept.)

Abu Yahia al-Hamawi (Emir of Ahrar al-Sham (2015–2017))^[69]
Abu Jaber Shaykh (Emir of Ahrar al-Sham (2014-2015); Emir of Tahrir al-Sham (2017))^[70][71]

Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi † (Leader)
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi † (Leader)^[72][73]
Abu Alaa Afri †
(Deputy Leader of ISIL)^[74]
Abu Ayman al-Iraqi † (Head of Military Shura)^[75][76]
Abu Suleiman † (Replacement Military Chief)^[76]
Abu Omar al-Shishani † (Chief commander in Syria)^{[77][78][79][80]}

Abu Khayr al-Masri † (al-Qaeda deputy leader)^[81][82]
Abu Humam al-Shami (al-Nusra Military Chief and subsequent leader of Hurras al-Din)^[83]
Abu Mohammad al-Julani (Emir of Al-Nusra front (2012–2016))
Abu Hajer al-Homsi † (top al-Nusra military commander)^[84]
Abu Firas al-Suri † (al-Nusra Spokesman)^[85][86]
Abu Muhammed al Ansari †
(al-Nusra Emir of the Idlib Province)
Ahmad Salama Mabruk † (al-Nusra senior commander)^[87]
Muhsin al-Fadhli † (Leader of Khorasan)^[88][89][90]
Sanafi al-Nasr †^[91]
David Drugeon †^[89][92]
Said Arif † (Jund al-Aqsa Military Chief)^[35]
Abu Omar al-Turkistani † (TIP and al-Nusra military commander)^[38]

Coalition forces: Coalition forces-air

Coalition forces-ground

Local forces

Syrian Arab Republic:

• 180,000 soldiers^[115]

Islamic Front:

• Ahrar al-Sham: * 26,000–30,000+^[116][117]

Syrian Salvation Government:

• Tahrir al-Sham: 31,000+ (2017)^[118] 20,000–30,000 (2018)^[119]

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:

• Around 100,000 fighters (according to Iraqi Kurdistan Chief of Staff)^[120]
• 3 MiG-21 or MiG-23 aircraft^[121][122]
• At least a few hundred tanks^[123][124]
• 2 drones^{[125][126][127]}

al-Qaeda:

• Khorasan: 50^[128]
• Jund al-Aqsa: 2,100^[129]

United States:
11 servicemen killed^{[130][131][132]}
18 Government contractors killed (1 non-combat)^[132]
1 V-22 Osprey crashed^[133]
5 combat drones lost^{[134][135][136]}
Jordan:
1 pilot executed^[137]
1 F-16 crashed^[138]
2 drones lost^[139]
United Kingdom:
1 serviceman killed^[140]
2 SAS operators wounded^[141]

Syrian Arab Republic:
169 soldiers and militiamen killed (per SOHR)^[143]
Up to 23 Russian paramilitary forces killed (per SOHR)^[144][145]
3 tanks destroyed^{[146][147][148]}
10+ aircraft destroyed^[149][150]
1 SAM battery destroyed^[151]

Islamic Front:

• Ahrar al-Sham:

3 killed (per SOHR)^{[143][154][155]}

• Jaysh al-Sunna:

10 killed (per SOHR)^[143]
Syrian Salvation Government:

• Tahrir al-Sham:
  6 killed^[156]

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:
At least 9,158 killed^[143]
(per Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR))

al-Qaeda:

• Al-Nusra Front:
  349 killed^[143][157]
  (per SOHR)^[158]
• Hurras al-Din:
  ≈50 killed^[32][33][34] (per SOHR)