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Cameron–Clegg coalition government
Cameron–Clegg coalition | |
|---|---|
 Cabinet of the United Kingdom | |
| 2010–2015 | |
 Cameron (left) and Clegg (right) in February 2015 | |
| Date formed | 11 May 2010 |
| Date dissolved | 8 May 2015 |
| People and organisations | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | David Cameron |
| Prime Minister's history | 2010–2016 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Nick Clegg |
| First Secretary | William Hague |
| Ministers removed | |
| Member parties | Liberal Democrats |
| Status in legislature | Majority (coalition) 363 / 650 (56%)
|
| Opposition cabinet | |
| Opposition party | |
| Opposition leader |
|
| History | |
| Election | 2010 general election |
| Outgoing election | 2015 general election |
| Legislature terms | |
| Budgets | |
| Incoming formation | 2010 government formation |
| Predecessor | Brown ministry |
| Successor | Second Cameron ministry |
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|---|---|---|
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The Cameron–Clegg coalition was formed by David Cameron and Nick Clegg when Cameron was invited by Queen Elizabeth II to form a government, following the resignation of Prime Minister Gordon Brown on 11 May 2010, after the general election on 6 May. It was the UK's first coalition government since the Churchill caretaker ministry in 1945.
The coalition was led by Cameron as Prime Minister with Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister and composed of members of both Cameron's centre-right Conservative Party and Clegg's centrist Liberal Democrats. The Cabinet was made up of sixteen Conservatives and five Liberal Democrats, with eight other Conservatives and one other Liberal Democrat attending cabinet but not members.[1] The coalition was succeeded by the single-party, second Cameron ministry following the 2015 election.
History
The previous Parliament had been dissolved on 12 April 2010 in advance of the general election on 6 May.[2] The general election resulted in a hung parliament, no single party having an overall majority in the House of Commons, for the first time in 36 years. The Conservatives emerged having the most seats, but 20 short of an overall majority.
In the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement of 11 May 2010, the two parties formed a coalition government.[3][4] The new Parliament met on 18 May for the swearing-in of Peers in the House of Lords and newly elected and returning Members of Parliament in the House of Commons, and the election for the Speakership of the House of Commons. The Queen's Speech on 25 May set out the government's legislative agenda.[5] Of the 57 Liberal Democrat MPs, only two refused to support the Conservative Coalition agreement, with former leader Charles Kennedy and Manchester Withington MP John Leech both rebelling.[6]
The Liberal Democrats had five Cabinet members, including Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister – though after the Cabinet and ministerial reshuffle, David Laws, who was a Minister of State, was allowed to attend the Cabinet but was not a full member. If a Liberal Democrat minister resigned or was removed from office, another member of the same party would have had to be appointed to the Cabinet.[7]
Each cabinet committee had a chair from one party and a deputy chair from the other; there was also a cabinet committee specifically overseeing the operation of the coalition. Both parties' ministers shared collective responsibility for the government's positions, although the coalition agreement detailed several issues on which the parties agreed to differ; the Liberal Democrats abstained from voting in such cases. Clegg, as Deputy Prime Minister, took Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) when David Cameron was unavailable.[7]
Key decisions were made by a core group called the "Quad", made up of Cameron, Clegg, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne and Chief Secretary to the Treasury Danny Alexander, which decided "all major matters of policy" and resolved disputes between the two parties.[8][9][10]
While the government's front benchers sat together in the House of Commons and the two parties acted as a bloc during PMQs,[11] the Liberal Democrat and Conservative backbenchers sat apart and each had their own whips,[11] and the two parties competed in by-elections. On 4 September 2012, Cameron reshuffled his cabinet for the first time.[12] He reshuffled his cabinet for the second time on 14 July 2014.[13]
Cabinets
May 2010 – September 2012
| Party key | Conservative | |
|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democrat |
| Portfolio | Minister | Term | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cabinet ministers | ||||
| Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service |
The Rt Hon. David Cameron MP | 2010–16 | ||
| Deputy Prime Minister Lord President of the Council |
The Rt Hon. Nick Clegg MP | 2010–15 | ||
| First Secretary of State Foreign Secretary |
The Rt Hon. William Hague MP | 2010–14 | ||
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | The Rt Hon. George Osborne MP | 2010–16 | ||
| Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain Secretary of State for Justice |
The Rt Hon. Kenneth Clarke QC MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Home Secretary Minister for Women and Equality |
The Rt Hon. Theresa May MP | 2010–16 | ||
| Secretary of State for Defence | The Rt Hon. Dr Liam Fox MP | 2010–11 | ||
| The Rt Hon. Philip Hammond MP | 2011–14 | |||
| Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills President of the Board of Trade |
The Rt Hon. Dr Vince Cable MP | 2010–15 | ||
| Secretary of State for Work and Pensions | The Rt Hon. Iain Duncan Smith MP | 2010–16 | ||
| Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change | The Rt Hon. Chris Huhne MP | 2010–12 | ||
| The Rt Hon. Ed Davey MP | 2012–15 | |||
| Secretary of State for Health | The Rt Hon. Andrew Lansley CBE MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Secretary of State for Education | The Rt Hon. Michael Gove MP | 2010–14 | ||
| Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government | The Rt Hon. Eric Pickles MP | 2010–15 | ||
| Secretary of State for Transport | The Rt Hon. Philip Hammond MP | 2010–11 | ||
| The Rt Hon. Justine Greening MP | 2011–12 | |||
| Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | The Rt Hon. Caroline Spelman MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Secretary of State for International Development | The Rt Hon. Andrew Mitchell MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Secretary of State for Northern Ireland | The Rt Hon. Owen Paterson MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Secretary of State for Scotland | The Rt Hon. Danny Alexander MP | 2010 | ||
| The Rt Hon. Michael Moore MP | 2010–13 | |||
| Secretary of State for Wales | The Rt Hon. Cheryl Gillan MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport | The Rt Hon. Jeremy Hunt MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Chief Secretary to the Treasury | The Rt Hon. David Laws MP | 2010 | ||
| The Rt Hon. Danny Alexander MP | 2010–15 | |||
| Leader of the House of Lords Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster |
The Rt Hon. The Lord Strathclyde PC | 2010–13 | ||
| Minister without Portfolio | The Rt Hon. The Baroness Warsi PC | 2010–12 | ||
| Also attending cabinet meetings | ||||
| Minister for the Cabinet Office Paymaster General |
The Rt Hon. Francis Maude MP | 2010–15 | ||
| Minister of State in the Cabinet Office | The Rt Hon. Oliver Letwin MP | 2010–14 | ||
| Minister of State for Universities and Science | The Rt Hon. David Willetts MP | 2010–14 | ||
| Leader of the House of Commons Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal |
The Rt Hon. George Young Bt MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Chief Whip in the House of Commons Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury |
The Rt Hon. Patrick McLoughlin MP | 2010–12 | ||
| Also attends cabinet when ministerial responsibilities are on the agenda | ||||
| Attorney General | The Rt Hon. Dominic Grieve QC MP | 2010–14 | ||
Changes
- David Laws resigned as Chief Secretary to the Treasury on 29 May 2010 because of an expenses irregularity dating from the previous Parliament. He was replaced by Danny Alexander, who was in turn replaced as Secretary of State for Scotland by Michael Moore.[15]
- On 14 October 2011 Liam Fox resigned as Secretary of State for Defence following the procurement of high-level overseas meetings attendance for his friend and advisor, Adam Werrity, working for a private contractor, and stated that he had "mistakenly allowed the distinction between my personal interest and my government activities to become blurred".[16] His successor was Philip Hammond, who was replaced as Transport Secretary by Justine Greening, the Economic Secretary to the Treasury, who was in turn replaced by Chloe Smith, an assistant government whip: she was replaced in turn by Greg Hands.[16][17]
- On 3 February 2012 Chris Huhne resigned as Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change following the decision of the Crown Prosecution Service to prosecute him and his former wife. His successor was Ed Davey, who was replaced as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills by Norman Lamb, replaced in his previous dual roles by Jenny Willott as an Assistant Whip and Jo Swinson as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Deputy Prime Minister.[18]
September 2012 – July 2014
| Party key | Conservative | |
|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democrat |
| Portfolio | Minister | Term | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cabinet ministers | ||||
| Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service |
The Rt Hon. David Cameron MP | 2010–16 | ||
| Deputy Prime Minister Lord President of the Council |
The Rt Hon. Nick Clegg MP | 2010–15 | ||
| First Secretary of State Foreign Secretary |
The Rt Hon. William Hague MP | 2010–14 | ||
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | The Rt Hon. George Osborne MP | 2010–16 | ||
| Home Secretary | The Rt Hon. Theresa May MP | 2010–16 | ||
| Chief Secretary to the Treasury | The Rt Hon. Danny Alexander MP | 2010–15 | ||
| Secretary of State for Defence | The Rt Hon. Philip Hammond MP | 2011–14 | ||
| Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills President of the Board of Trade |
The Rt Hon. Dr Vince Cable MP | 2010–15 | ||
| Secretary of State for Work and Pensions | The Rt Hon. Iain Duncan Smith MP | 2010–16 | ||
| Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain Secretary of State for Justice |
The Rt Hon. Chris Grayling MP | 2012–15 | ||
| Secretary of State for Education | The Rt Hon. Michael Gove MP | 2010–14 | ||
| Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government | The Rt Hon. Eric Pickles MP | 2010–15 | ||
| Secretary of State for Health | The Rt Hon. Jeremy Hunt MP | 2012–16 | ||
| Leader of the House of Lords Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster |
The Rt Hon. The Lord Strathclyde PC | 2010–13 | ||
|
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