Central Board of Secondary Education - Wiki slovník

Central Board of Secondary Education
	Seal of the Central Board of Secondary Education
Abbreviation	CBSE
Formation	2 July 1929 (94 years ago)
Type	Governmental Board of Education
Legal status	Active
Headquarters	New Delhi, India
Official language	Hindi; English;
Chairperson	Nidhi Chhibber, IAS
Parent organisation	Ministry of Education
Affiliations	28,573 schools (29 April 2022)
Website	www.cbse.gov.in

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a resolution of the government, the Board was an experiment towards inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated to the CBSE. All schools affiliated to CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum especially from class 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Nidhi Chibber, IAS.^[3]

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 so as to make its services available to students and various educational institutions in the entire country.^[4]

History

The first education board to be set up in India was the Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education in 1921, which was under jurisdiction of Rajputana, Central India and Gwalior. In 1929, the government of India set up a joint Board named Board of High School and Intermediate Education. This included Ajmer, Merwara, Central India, and Gwalior. Later it was confined to Ajmer, Bhopal and Vindhya Pradesh. In 1952, it became the Central Board of Secondary Education.^[5]

Languages

CBSE offers academic subjects in 40 different languages, which are Arabic, Assamese, Bahasa Melayu, Bengali, Bhutia, Bodo, English, French, German, Gujarati, Gurung, Hindi Course-A, Hindi Course-B, Japanese, Kannada, Kashmiri, Lepcha, Limboo, Malayalam, Meitei (Manipuri), Marathi, Mizo, Nepali, Odia, Persian, Punjabi, Rai, Russian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Spanish, Sherpa, Tamang, Tamil, Tangkhul, Telugu AP, Telugu Telangana, Thai, Tibetan, Urdu Course A and Urdu Course B.^[6]

Affiliations

CBSE affiliates all Kendriya Vidyalayas, all Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas, private schools, and most of the schools approved by central government of India.All State Government schools in Delhi are affiliated with CBSE. There are 1,138 Kendriya Vidyalayas, 3,011 Government Schools, 16,741 Independent Schools, 595 Jawahar Novodaya Vidyalayas and 14 Central Tibetan Schools.^[7]

Examinations

CBSE conducts the final examinations for Class 10 and Class 12 every year in the month of March. The results are announced by the end of May.^[8] The board earlier conducted the AIEEE Examination for admission to undergraduate courses in engineering and architecture in colleges across India, however the AIEEE exam was merged with the IIT-Joint Entrance Exam (JEE) in 2013. The common examination is now called JEE (Main) and is henceforth conducted by National Testing Agency.

CBSE also conducted AIPMT (All India Pre Medical Test) for admission to major medical colleges in India. In 2014, the conduct of the National Eligibility Test for grant of junior research fellowship and eligibility for assistant professor in institutions of higher learning was outsourced to CBSE.^[9]

Apart from these tests, CBSE also conducts the Central Teacher Eligibility Test and the Class X optional proficiency test.^[9] With the addition of NET in 2014, the CBSE had become the largest exam conducting body in the world.^[9]^[10]

On 10 November 2017, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, cleared a proposal for creation of a National Testing Agency (NTA) serving as the premier autonomous body for conducting entrance examinations in the country. Beginning in 2018 various exams previously conducted by the CBSE were transferred to the NTA including National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate), Joint Entrance Examination – Main, National Eligibility Test, Central Universities Common Entrance Test and others.^[11]

Promotion criteria

Class 10

For promotion from Secondary level (Class IX-X) to Senior Secondary level (Class XI-XII), a student must obtain, for all subjects (or best 5 if 6 subjects are taken), 33% overall, without any minimum theory mark requirement. Originally, the passing criteria was set such that a student had to get 33% in both the theory and practical components. However, an exemption was initially granted for students writing the exam in 2018 as they went through the old CCE system in the previous year.^[12] However, CBSE later extended this relief for students writing the exam from 2019 and later as well.^[13] Students who do not manage to pass up to two subjects can write the compartment in those subjects in July. Those who fail the compartment, or fail in three subjects or more, must rewrite all the subjects taken in the next year.

Class 12

For class 12 students the promotion criteria are 33% overall, with 33% in both theory and practical examinations (if applicable). Students who do not manage to pass in exactly one subject can write the compartment for that subject in July. Those who fail the compartment, or those who fail in two subjects or more, must rewrite all the subjects taken in the next year.

Grading

For the Class 10 and Class 12 exams, CBSE (along with the marks obtained) includes the positional grade obtained by the student, which is dependent on the average performance of the students in that subject. Consequently, the cutoffs required to obtain a particular grade vary every year.

Grading system by CBSE ^[14]
Grade	Criteria
A1	Top 1/8 of passed students in that subject
A2	Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject
B1	Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject
B2	Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject
C1	Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject
C2	Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject
D1	Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject
D2	Last 1/8 of passed students in that subject
E	Failed students (in either theory, practical or overall)

The cutoffs required to obtain a particular grade in 2018 are listed below:^[15]

Class 12 (2018)
Grade	English Core	Mathematics	Chemistry	Physics	Biology	Biotechnology	Engineering Drawing	Computer Science	Economics	Accountancy	Business Studies	Informatics Practices	Multimedia/Web Tech	Psychology	Sociology
A1	89	95	91	90	90	95	98	93	92	84	93	94		95	87
A2	84	84	81	82	84	91	95	88	85	73	83	91			78
B1	78	73	73	75	79	86	92	83	78	65	75	87	82	84	73
B2	72	63	67	69	74	83	89	78	70	59	67		78	79	66
C1	65	55	63	64	68	76	85	72	63	55	60	79	74	73
C2	57	46	60	61	62		80		55	49			67	67
D1	45	42	52	54	55				47	45				57
D2	33	33	Variable (33% theory and practical pass required)

Class 10 (2018)
Grade	English Language & Literature	Mathematics	Science	Social Science	Malayalam	Hindi	French
A1	92	92	87	90	96	93	97
A2	87	81	76	82	93	88	95
B1	83	70	67	74	90	83	92
B2	78	60	58	66	87	78	87
C1	73	50	49	58	84	72	82
C2	66	42	41	49	80	65	74
D1	56	34	34	41	73	54	62
D2	33 (minimum for all subjects)

During CCE

During 2010–2017, when CBSE implemented a CCE (Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation) for Class X students, only the grades obtained by the student were mentioned in the report card in a 9-point grading scale, which translates as below:

Former grading scale (CCE)
Grade	Criteria
A1	>90%
A2	81–90%
B1	71–80%
B2	61–70%
C1	51–60%
C2	41–50%
D	33–40%
E1	21–32%
E2	0–20%

Results

2016

Number of (passed) students obtaining a particular CGPA in Class 10 by gender^[16]
CGPA	MALE	FEMALE	TOTAL
10	85,316	83,225	1,68,541
9.8	26,313	24,545	50,858
9.6	28,522	24,223	52,745
9.4	35,587	25,882	61,469
9.2	33,674	25,171	58,845
9	35,167	26,270	61,437
8.8	36,453	26,154	62,607
8.6	37,532	25,945	63,477
8.4	38,590	25,383	63,973
8.2	37,681	24,663	62,344
8	38,248	24,217	62,465
7.8	38,560	23,607	62,167
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