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Derogation, in civil law and common law, is the partial suppression of a law. In contrast, annulment is the total abolition of a law by explicit repeal, and obrogation is the partial or total modification or repeal of a law by the imposition of a later and contrary one.[1] It is sometimes used, loosely, to mean abrogation, as in the legal maxim lex posterior derogat priori ("a subsequent law derogates the previous one").
The term is also used in Catholic canon law,[2] and in this context differs from dispensation in that it applies to the law, whereas dispensation applies to specific people affected by the law.
Statutory interpretation
Under the derogation cannon of statutory interpretation "statutes in derogation of the common law" should be narrowly construed.[3]
Terrorism
A UK law permitting warrantless arrest and detention on suspicion of terrorist involvement was found to violate protected rights, according to the ECHR decision in Brogan v. The United Kingdom in which the court reviewed the arrest of four persons arrested in Northern Ireland under a 1984 British law allowing a special powers derogation from the normal proscription of warrantless arrests.[4]
Civil law
European Union law
In terms of European Union legislation, a derogation can also imply that a member state delays the implementation of an element of an EU Regulation (etc.) into their legal system over a given timescale,[5] such as five years; or that a member state has opted not to enforce a specific provision in a treaty due to internal circumstances (typically a state of emergency).
Catholic canon law
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In canon law a dispensation affirms the validity of a law, but asserts that the law will not be held to apply to one or more specific persons, for a specific reason. (For example, while the Catholic Church's canon law does not normally recognise gender transition, an intersex woman may present appropriate medical documentation to seek, and possibly receive, a dispensation from the Holy See to live and be recognised as a man, or vice versa.) Derogation, on the other hand, affects the applicability of a law in general.
A non-canon-law analogue of dispensation might be the issuing of a zoning variance to a particular business, while a general rezoning applied to all properties in an area is more analogous to derogation.
See also
References
- ^ Lehman, Jeffrey; Phelps, Shirelle (1999). Statutes in Court: The History and Theory of Statutory Interpretation. Duke University Press. p. 97.
- ^ Manual of Canon Law, pg. 69
- ^ Popkin, William (2005). West's Encyclopedia of American Law, Vol. 1 (2 ed.). Detroit: Thomson/Gale. p. 67. ISBN 9780787663742.
- ^ Mohamed M. Zeidy, The ECHR and States of Emergency: Article 15 - A Domestic Power of Derogation from Human Rights Obligations, 4 San Diego Int'l L.J. 277 (2003) Available at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/ilj/vol4/iss1/10
- ^ "Derogation". EurWork. Eurofound. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
Bibliography
- Della Rocca, F. (1959) (trans. Rev. Anselm Thatcher, O.S.B.), Manual of Canon Law. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company.
External links
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