A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
Ghomala | |
---|---|
Ghɔmálá’ | |
Region | Cameroon |
Ethnicity | Bamileke |
Native speakers | 350,000 (2005)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bbj |
Glottolog | ghom1247 |
Ghɔmálá’ or Ghomala is a major Bamileke language spoken in Cameroon, originally in the following departments of the West region:
- Mifi, Koung-Khi and Hauts-Plateaux: most of the three departments (except extreme south and except pockets in the north and west)
- Menoua: east of the department
- Bamboutos: a corner in the south
It is spoken by an estimated 2 million people in two main population groups.[citation needed]
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
Affricate | voiceless | p͡f | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||
voiced | b͡v | d͡z | d͡ʒ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | (ʃ) | h | |
voiced | (v) | (ʒ) | (ɣ) | |||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
Approximant | lateral | (l) | ||||
central | w | j | ||||
centralized | ɥ̈ |
- The glottal stop /ʔ/ only occurs as word-final.
- Sounds are alternative consonant sounds of /b͡v d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ɡ/.
- /t d/, when occurring before close front-central vowel sounds /i ʉ/, can sound palatalized as .
- Sounds /p b t d k/, when preceding a /h/ sound, are realized as affricated .
- /ɡ/, when occurring before central vowel sounds /ə ɐ/, may sound affricated as .
- A word-final /k/ sound, may be realized as uvular sounds .
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | ʉ | u |
Mid | e | ə | o |
ɛ | ɐ | ɔ | |
Low | a |
- Sounds /ɐ u ɔ/ when occurring with a velar nasal /ŋ/, can be realized as nasalized vowel sounds .[2]
Tone
Tones are marked as high , low , mid (unmarked) , rising , or falling .
References
- ^ Ghomala at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Nissim, Gabriel M. (1981). Le Bamileke-Ghomálá' (Parler de Bandjoun, Cameroun). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Sciéntifique.
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Bamileke people
Language family
Niger–Congo languages
Atlantic–Congo
Volta–Congo languages
Benue–Congo
Bantoid languages
Southern Bantoid
Grassfields languages
Eastern Grassfields languages
Mbam–Nkam languages
Bamileke languages
ISO 639-3
Glottolog
Bamileke languages
Cameroon
Wikipedia:Citation needed
Labial consonant
Alveolar consonant
Palatal consonant
Velar consonant
Glottal consonant
Stop consonant
Voiceless bilabial plosive
Voiceless alveolar plosive
Voiceless velar plosive
Glottal stop
Voiced bilabial plosive
Voiced alveolar plosive
Voiced velar plosive
Affricate consonant
Voiceless labiodental affricate
Voiceless alveolar affricate
Voiceless postalveolar affricate
Voiced labiodental affricate
Voiced alveolar affricate
Voiced postalveolar affricate
Fricative consonant
Voiceless labiodental fricative
Voiceless alveolar fricative
Voiceless postalveolar fricative
Voiceless glottal fricative
Voiced labiodental fricative
Voiced postalveolar fricative
Voiced velar fricative
Nasal consonant
Voiced bilabial nasal
Voiced alveolar nasal
Voiced velar nasal
Approximant consonant
Voiced alveolar lateral approximant
Voiced labial–velar approximant
Voiced palatal approximant
Relative articulation#Centralized vowels
Front vowel
Central vowel
Back vowel
High vowel
Close front unrounded vowel
Close central rounded vowel
Close back rounded vowel
Mid vowel
Close-mid front unrounded vowel
Mid central vowel
Close-mid back rounded vowel
Open-mid front unrounded vowel
Near-open central vowel
Open-mid back rounded vowel
Low vowel
Open front unrounded vowel
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Wp/bbj
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