A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
Golaghat | |
|---|---|
City | |
  Clockwise from top: Skyline of Golaghat Central (west), Heritage buildings and sites:[1] Bezbaroa Higher Secondary School, Circuit House, British Cemetery, Doss & Co. Store and Baptish Church | |
  Golaghat Location in Assam, India  Golaghat Golaghat (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°31′N 93°58′E / 26.52°N 93.97°ECoordinates: 26°31′N 93°58′E / 26.52°N 93.97°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Assam |
| Region | Upper – Assam |
| District | Golaghat |
| Settled | 20th century |
| Founded | 1839 |
| Consolidated | 1920[2] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | GMB |
| • Deputy Commissioner | Mrigesh Narayan Barua |
| Area | |
| • Total | 17 km2 (7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 95 m (312 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 41,489 |
| • Rank | 18th in Assam |
| • Density | 3,500/km2 (9,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Golaghatian |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 6 areas
|
| Telephone Code | +91 - (0) 3774 - XX XX XXX |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-GG |
| Vehicle registration | AS – 05 – XX – XXXX |
| Sex Ratio | 964 ♀️/ 1000 ♂️ |
| Climate | Cwa |
| Official Language | Assamese |
| Planning agency | 1 |
| Literacy Rate |  77.43% low |
| Lok Sabha Constituency | Kaliabor |
| Vidhan Sabha Constituency | Golaghat, Bokakhat, Sarupathar, Khumtai, Dergaon |
| Website | www |
| †India Post delivery offices. | |
Golaghat (English: /ˈɡoʊlɑːɡhɑːt/ Gʊlaɡʱat (
listen)) one of the largest subdivisions of the Indian state of Assam, later elevated to the position of a full–fledged district headquarter on 5 October 1987,[3] is a city [4] and a municipality and the seat of administrative operations of Golaghat district, besides being a twin city[5][6] to Jorhat which is about 55 km away. It is one of the oldest urban areas[7][8] in Assam that recently featured on the Smart Cities nominations list, along with Guwahati and four other prominent urban areas of the state;[9][10][11][12] although losing out to Guwahati at the final stage. The Dhansiri, one of the tributaries of the Brahmaputra, passes through Golaghat and is the primary water source for its citizens.[13]
One of the earliest tea urban centres in Assam that has been the headquarters of the oldest subdivision for over 185–186 years since 1839,[14][15] the local government body, Golaghat Municipal Board (GMB), was set up in 1920,[16] becoming a long-established civic body of the state, formed before independent India. It is a historical body of 104–105 years of age in continuous operation dating as far back as the early 1920s.
Golaghat has the inceptive post/mail service and telegraphic communication systems in Assam going back to 1876.[17] The oldest social – literature/rhetorical congresses of Assam – the Golaghat Sahitya Sabha of Asam Sahitya Sabha, also began here in 1918.[18] The Golaghat Amateur Theatre Society (GATS), one of the premier theater societies of the state,[19] was set up here in 1895 [20] to uplift the dramatic and cultural activities in the region, particularly Golaghat. The Golaghat Bar Association (GBA), founded in 1891,[21] is one of the oldest legal societies in Assam, especially in the Upper – Assam division.
Golaghat has a number of heritage buildings and sites[1] – the Golaghat British Cemetery, constructed in 1876,[22] the Bezbaruah Higher Secondary School, set up in the late 19th century in the year 1886[23] by the educationalist Dinanath Bezbarua, the Baptist Church founded by the American missionaries in 1898, the Christian High (Mission) School built by the American Women Foreign Mission Society in 1919,[24] Assam's first department store – Doss & Co., constructed in 1930 and incorporated under the Registrar of Companies (RoC) – Shillong in the year 1955[25] to name a few.[26]
The headquarters of Assam Valley Tea Planters' Association (now Assam Tea Planters Association) was also based in Golaghat. Set up in 1941 under Mahendra Nath Barooah's management,[note 1] the erstwhile headquarters played a significant role in enrolling associate members, besides laying the first foundations of growth, recognition and reputation that the association is presently credited for.[27] Golaghat also has one of the oldest boards of trades and industries in the state.[28] The United Chamber of Commerce (UCC) formed in 1954[29][28] antecedes many newer chambers of commerce that have been set up in the state in the more recent years.
Assam's first major political party, the AGP was formed here and launched in the year 1985 at the historic Golaghat Convention[30] and by 2008; the same members of the convention[31] reunified the party at this place.[32]
The place is also the headquarters of The North Eastern Tea Association (NETA),[33] one of the tea growers' groups in the state of Assam, a constituent member of Consultative Committee of Plantation Associations (CCPA), Assam Valley branch.[34]
Etymology
The name Golaghat (gola which means shop and ghat meaning the landing point of river ferry or enclosure for boats) originated from the shops established by the Marwari businessmen during the mid-20th century at the bank of Dhansiri river near present Golaghat.[35]
There is another view, which is more sophisticated and older than the arrival of the British and Indian businessmen. During the Ahom kingdom era, there was a storehouse of cannonballs also locally called Gola and transported by local ferry Ghat, from which name Golaghat is derived.[36]
History
Ancient history
The stone inscription of Nagajari-khanikar village of Sarupathar, dating back to the 5th century, reveals that there was an independent kingdom in Doyang – Dhansiri valley and the relics of ramparts, brick structures, temples and tanks etc. discovered in these areas suggest the presence of a kingdom during 9th and 10th century.
The Doyang – Dhansiri valley came under the rule of Ahom dynasty during the 16th century. Prior to that, this part was ruled by the Kacharis known as the Dimasas. During Ahom rule, this area was under Morongi-khowa Gohain, an administrative officer.
Early modern
In 1751, certain portions of Barpathar, Sarupathar Barangi mauzas of Golaghat circle and Duarbagari of Bokakhat circle were transferred to the United Mikir and N.C. Hills districts.[37]
During the last phrase of the Ahom kingdom, when the independent sovereignty of Ahoms had come to an end, Purandar Singha was entrusted in 1833 with the administration of Upper – Assam by the East India Company who had already won mastery over Assam. However, this artificial ornamentation by the scion of Ahom Royal House was short-lived, and in the year 1838, the whole area was resumed by the authorities of the company and annexed to the British territory with the appointment of Col. Aham White as the political agent on 16 September during the same year.
By a proclamation in 1839, the British took possession of Assam and the area was divided into two districts of Lakhimpur and Sibsagar, where the Doyang – Dhansiri valley was included under the newly formed Golaghat subdivision of Sibsagar district in 1839. Golaghat became the largest subdivision in Assam and comprised Dergaon and Golaghat circles. Golaghat circle was the largest among them with 150.10 square miles of area, while Dergaon was the smallest. During this time, Purandar Singha continued to rule with Jorhat as the capital of his territory, Upper – Assam, but with the formation of two other subdivisions, one at Jaipur and the other at Golaghat.[38]
On 18 December 1846, Jorhat was declared a subdivision comprising certain portions of Golaghat subdivision.
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The earliest head post offices of the Assam circle of British Assam were located in Golaghat besides Debrughur, Goahati, Jorhat, Nowgong, Sibsagar, Shillong and Tezpore.[note 2][39][40][41]
Much later after telegraph lines had been stretched between Calcutta and Guwahati in 1869; Golaghat got its speaking wires' system in and around 1876. The lines were stretched to connect Golaghat with Kohima, Shillong with Goahati, Sibsagar with Nazerah and Debrughur with Makum.[note 3][39]
In British Assam, Golaghat derived its importance chiefly because of having advanced communication systems during that time and on account of its connection by road with Kohima.[note 4][42] One of the oldest railway lines in Assam was also built in Golaghat.[43] The text noted from the book Glimpse of Assam written by Mrs. S.R Ward in 1884 state:
Mr Bryers who was then the Chief of Cachar and Assam Railway Survey succeeded in finding a railway route that would be carried up the Dhunsiri valley to Golaghat... thus giving Assam direct railway communication with Chittagong and Calcutta.
Late modern and contemporary
Golaghat elevated to the position of a full-fledged district in Assam comprising an area of 3,502 km2 (or 1, 352.13 sq. mi) on 5 October 1987 and is known for its notable contribution in India's independence movement, arts and culture, literature and sports in the region.
- Kushal Konwar, Kamala Miri, Dwariki Das, Biju Vaishnav, Sankar Chandra Barua, Tara Prasad Barooah, Maheshwar Barooah, Rajendra Nath Barua, Gaurilal Jain, Ganga Ram Bormedhi and Dwarikanath Goswami are Indian independence activists of the town.[44]
- The 19th century writer, Hem Chandra Barua, who authored the first Assamese dictionary Hemkosh hailed from Golaghat.
- Ghanashyam Barua, a resident of this place, reckoned in the field of politics as the first Central Minister of Assam, translated William Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors into Assamese along with three of his partners.[45][46]
- Several national and international sportspeople in fields of athletics, table tennis, tennis, boxing[47] and football[48][49][50] have come from Golaghat.
- Numaligarh Refinery is the biggest revenue generating industrial sector in Golaghat.[51][52][53]
Administration
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Aaiferi Enclave (Amolapatty – New), Regional Office – Assam Rural Development Bank (Amolapatty – New), Vishal Mega Mart (Amolapatty – New), Head Post Office (Golaghat Central), BSNL Telephone Exchange – Outdoor Section (Golaghat Central), and Gold Cinema Multiplex Screen (Old Central Jail Market)
Local government
The administration of Golaghat is formed of two tiers: a city-wide and a local tier. The city-wide administration is coordinated by the Golaghat Development Authority, while the local administration is carried out by the Golaghat Municipal Board. The development authority functions under the Directorate of Town and Country Planning – Urban Development Department, Government of Assam[54] and is responsible for the implementation of infrastructure projects, besides preparation of master plan for Golaghat urban area to ensure distributed growth.[55] The authority works closely with the municipal board.
The municipal board covers the geographical area of 17 square kilometres (6.6 sq mi) within Golaghat and has the administration over 9,646 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage, besides performing certain obligatory services as a part of the local administration.
The Deputy Commissioner of Golaghat is the executive head and is responsible for law and order, implementation of government schemes, besides being also authorised to hear revenue cases pertaining to the district.
The Chairperson of Golaghat is an elected representative who is accountable for the strategic governance of Golaghat headquarters. The Chairperson directs the elected Ward Commissioners in entirety of Golaghat on various civic matters.
The main functions include, but not limited to the following:
- Strategic planning, including housing, waste management, the environment and production of the Golaghat Master Plan
- Refuse or permit planning permission on strategic grounds
- Transport policy
- Fire and emergency planning, delivered by the functional body Fire & Emergency Services, Assam
- Policing and crime policy
- Economic development, delivered through the functional body Golaghat Development Authority
- Power to create development corporations
Neighbourhoods
This is a list of the areas of Golaghat, in alphabetical order. In political or administrative usage contemporary areas of Golaghat are informal, often being based on or adapted from historic contexts. For electoral purposes the areas are divided into wards.
The oldest borough in Golaghat is Amolapatty.[note 6][56][57][58]
| Neighbourhoods |
|---|
| Old |
| Amolapatty – Old† |
| Baagicha Ali† |
| Amolapatty – New†‡ |
| Others |
| Arengapara†‡ |
| Bengenakhowa†‡ |
| Bet Mahal†‡ |
| Chandan Nagar† |
| Chanmari† |
| Geeta Nagar† |
| Junaki Nagar† |
| Krishna Nagar† |
| Maruwaripatty† |
| Missionpatty†‡ |
| Paltanpatty† |
| Santipur† |
| Subhash Colony† |
| Sreemanta Nagar† |
| Tapan Nagar†‡ |
| Tenpur† |
| Suburbs |
| Moinapara |
| Narakanwar |
| Pulibor |
| Rangajan |
| † Primarily a residential area. ‡ A commercial area. |
Geography
Scope
Golaghat is located at 26°31′N 93°58′E / 26.52°N 93.97°E.[59] It has an average elevation of 95 metres (311 feet).
The Golaghat telephone area code (3774) covers a larger area, the entire Golaghat district, while the PINs 785 621 – 785 702 range from Golaghat H.O. (Head Post Office) to other regions, such as the sub–office delivery in Bengenakhowa,[60] branch office in Missionpatty etc.[61]
Status
Golaghat presently comprises the areas within the jurisdiction of Golaghat Municipal Board, however, the proposed planning covers an extended area of Golaghat Grant and Bengenakhowa Grant, besides the Amolapatty region.
Topography
Golaghat encompasses a total area of 17 square kilometres (6.6 sq mi), an area which has a population of ~ 60,000 and a population density of ~ 8303.55 inhabitants per square kilometres (21,506 inhabitants per square mile). Dhansiri River, one of the important tributaries of Brahmaputra River, is the primary geographical feature of Golaghat which is a navigable river and the main factor for the growth of human settlements in the region. The Dhansiri is a tidal river and Golaghat and surrounding areas are vulnerable to flooding.[62]
Climate
Like most of the hill areas of Northeast India, Golaghat has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb) characterised by pleasant, dry and sunny winters and warm, humid and very wet summers.
Summer
The summer season is very warm and usually humid starting from the end of March and continuing until October. Golaghat falls within the temperate region with monsoon-type rainfall prevailing through the year. Summer days typically range from 20 to 24 °C (68.0 to 75.2 °F) but the humidity makes it feel hotter. South–west monsoons that lasts from June to September are responsible for a total average of 1,686 millimetres or 66.38 inches out of an annual total of 2,295 millimetres (90.35 in) of annual rainfall.[63]
Winter
Winter commences from the month of November with less rainfall and misty mornings and afternoons. By December, afternoon temperatures are a pleasant 16 °C or 60.8 °F and mornings average 8 °C or 46.4 °F.
When compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall.
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Golaghat
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