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Help:Multilingual support

Articles on the English Wikipedia may contain words or texts written in different languages and scripts. To be able to correctly view and edit these articles requires that you have the appropriate fonts installed and to have correctly configured your operating system and browser. This guide will help you to do so.

Overview

Unicode

Articles on Wikipedia are encoded using Unicode (specifically UTF-8), an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. Because UTF-8 is backward compatible with ASCII, and most modern browsers have at least basic Unicode support, most users will experience little difficulty reading and editing most of Wikipedia.

Font

Most computers with Microsoft Windows, Apple's macOS and many Linux variants will already have fonts with support for Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Hebrew, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and the International Phonetic Alphabet installed. Many mobile devices, such as the iPhone and iPad also include such fonts. Several historic and accented characters (used in the transliteration of foreign scripts) may be missing, though.

Microsoft fonts

Other available Unicode fonts

Bolded fonts are recommended.

Font Typeface License Format Encoding
Aboriginal Sans-serif, Serif Freeware OpenType Unicode 5.2
Charis SIL Serif Open Source OpenType, Graphite Unicode 7.0
Code2002 Archived December 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Freeware (must not be altered) TrueType Unicode, plane 2
Code2001 0.919 Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Freeware (must not be altered) TrueType Unicode, plane 1
Code2000 1.171 Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Serif Shareware (unrestricted) TrueType Unicode, plane 0
DejaVu Sans-serif, Sans-mono, Serif Open Source OpenType Unicode
Doulos SIL Serif Open Source OpenType, Graphite Unicode 7.0
Everson Mono 3.2b4 Sans-mono Shareware TrueType Unicode
Fonts for Ancient Scripts (Greek, Egyptian, cuneiform...) Varying No license, but may be used for any purpose TrueType Unicode
Google Noto (Project to support all Unicode scripts) Sans-serif, Serif Open Source OpenType Unicode
Hanazono (80,000+ Chinese characters supported) Ming (comparable to serifed typefaces) Freeware (unrestricted) TrueType Unicode
Kurinto Font Folio (Project to support all human languages) 21 typefaces with variants Open Source (OFL) TrueType Unicode 12.1
TITUS Cyberbit Basic Serif Non-commercial TrueType, but requires Windows to install Unicode 4.0
Quivira Serif Freeware OpenType Unicode 7.0
GNU Unifont Mono Freeware (GPL) TrueType Unicode 14.0

Browsers

Internet Explorer
supports Latin (however not all extended sets), Greek, Cyrillic, Arabic and Hebrew. Support for East Asian and some Indic scripts is available if support for this has been installed for Windows. As Internet Explorer will only use the default font for other scripts, those are usually not supported (unless the default font does).
Firefox
tries to render any character using all the fonts available on the system so multilingual support is generally good. The default rendering engine can support complex script rendering. Some Linux distributions ship with a Pango-based rendering engine which also does, although this may currently cause some display glitches with justified text.
Opera
tries to render any character using all the fonts available on the system so multilingual support is also good. Opera uses the operating system to perform contextual glyph selection, ligature forming, character stacking, combining character support and other character shaping tasks.
Chrome
Does not directly support several languages of South and Southeast Asian countries, but otherwise renders some tofu signs, due to its problem of font fallback mechanism, you may need the Advanced Font Settings extension to optimize. Renders Devanagari (used for Hindi), Bengali, Sinhala, Gurmukhi, and Tibetan scripts in the examples below, but not some of languages of Southeast Asian countries.

Scripts

Adlam

Adlam is a right-to-left alphabetic script devised by the brothers Ibrahima and Abdoulaye Barry, in order to represent the Fula language (Fulani). It is supported by the following font:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Adlam Sample.png 𞤀𞤣𞤤𞤥

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on the Fula Wikipedia.

Aegean numerals

Aegean numerals were used by the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. They are supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Aegean num 1986.svg 𐄢𐄡𐄗𐄌

Ahom

Ahom script is a script used to write the Ahom language. They are supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Ahom rendering.png 𑜇𑜞

Ancient South Arabian

Ancient South Arabian script (Old South Arabian) was used to write the Minean, Sabaean, Qatabanian, Hadramite, and Himyaritic languages of Yemen from the 8th century BCE to the 6th century CE. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Himjar wa.PNGHimjar dad.PNGHimjar dal.PNGHimjar kha.PNGHimjar ha.PNG 𐩠𐩭𐩵𐩼𐩥

Armenian

The Armenian alphabet is only used to write the Armenian language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Armenian-render.svg Հայաստան

Avestan

The Avestan alphabet is used to write the Avestan language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Avestan Rendered.svg 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬔𐬁

Balineseedit

The Balinese script is used to write the Balinese language. The script is encoded in block "Balinese", code points 1B00–1B7F (Unicode.org chart). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Swasti Prapti ring Wikipédia Basa Bali.png
Your browser/device ᭚ᬲ᭄ᬯᬲ᭄ᬢᬶ​ᬧ᭄ᬭᬧ᭄ᬢᬶ​ᬭᬶᬂ​ᬯᬶᬓᬶᬧᬾᬤᬶᬳ​ᬩᬲ​ᬩᬮᬶ᭟
Transliteration Swasti Prapti ring Wikipédia Basa Bali

Bamumedit

Bamum is a series of scripts devised for the Bamum language by King Njoya of Cameroon between 1896 and 1918. It is supported by the following font:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Bamum King Njoya (4).png ꚩꚫꛑꚩꚳ ꛆꚧꛂ

Bassa Vahedit

Bassa Vah, also known as simply vah ('throwing a sign' in Bassa) is an alphabetic script for writing the Bassa language of Liberia that was invented by Thomas Flo Lewis. The fonts that support this script are listed below.

Batakedit

The Batak alphabet is used to write the Batak languages. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device Transliteration
Batak-render.svg ᯀᯂ᯲ᯘᯒ aksara

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not in wide use on the Toba Batak test wiki at the Wikimedia Incubator (apart from a few images on the Main Page).

Baybayin / Old Tagalogedit

Baybayin (also known as the Tagalog script in Unicode and Alibata) is a Brahmic writing system used for several Philippine languages before and early into the Spanish conquest. It is related to other Brahmic scripts currently in use in the Philippines. It is supported by the following fonts:

  • Kurinto Font Folio (9 typefaces that have "Aux" variant fonts)
  • Noto Sans Tagalog, a font made by Google
  • Paul Morrow's Baybayin Fonts. Offers the most extensive list of Baybayin fonts for Windows and Macintosh operating systems
  • Quivira is a proportional serif font that produces very readable text. Supports several scripts, among them the Baybayin script
Correct rendering Tagalog in Baybayin script postkudlit.png
Your browser/device ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜊᜏᜆ᜔ ᜆᜂ ᜀᜌ᜔ ᜁᜐᜒᜈᜒᜎᜅ᜔ ᜈ ᜋᜌ᜔ ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜈ᜔,
ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ ᜐ ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔,
ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜈ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜆᜂ ᜀᜌ᜔ ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜌᜌᜀᜈ᜔ ᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄᜒᜁᜐᜒᜉ᜔,
ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜃᜇᜓᜈᜓᜅᜈ᜔ ᜈ ᜃᜁᜎᜅᜅ᜔ ᜋᜄ᜔ᜃᜁᜐ ᜐ ᜃᜉᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔
Transliteration Ang bawat tao ay isinilang na may karapatan, at pantay sa dignidad, at karapatan ang tao ay biniyayaan ng pag-iisip, at karapatan na kailangang magkaisa sa kapatiran.

Bhaiksukiedit

The Bhaiksuki script was historically used to write Buddhist literature in Sanskrit. It is supported by the following font:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Shukla Bhaiksuki.svg 𑰥𑰹𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰎𑰱

Brahmiedit

The Brahmi script is one of the oldest writing systems used in Ancient India and present South and Central Asia from the 1st millennium BCE. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Brahmi font rendering test.svg 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀧𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀦

Note: The Brahmi script should not be confused with the family of Brahmic scripts.

Buhidedit

Buhid script is used to write the Buhid language. It is supported to varying extents by the following fonts:

  • Kurinto Font Folio (11 typefaces that have "Main" variant fonts)
  • Noto Sans Buhid, a font made by Google
  • Quivira NOT RECOMMENDED FOR BUHID: It contains basic Buhid letters but not the ligatures required to correctly render many Buhid syllables
  • Code2000 NOT RECOMMENDED FOR BUHID: It contains basic Buhid letters but not the ligatures required to correctly render many Buhid syllables
Correct rendering Your browser/device Sample syllables
Buhid Rendered.svg ᝃᝒᝎᝒᝐᝓᝈᝓᝆ kilisunuta

Burmeseedit

The Burmese alphabet is used to write the Burmese language. The script is encoded in block "Myanmar", code points 1000-109F (Unicode.org chart). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Complex Text Rendering - Burmese.svg ဃ + ြ → ဃြ

Canadian Aboriginal Syllabicsedit

Canadian Aboriginal syllabics are an abugida used to write a number of First Nations languages in Canada, including Cree, Ojibwe, Naskapi, Inuktitut, Blackfoot, Sayisi, and Carrier. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Nehiyawewin.svg ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on the Atikamekw Wikipedia, plus Ojibwe and Blackfoot test wikis at the Wikimedia Incubator.

Chamedit

The Cham alphabet is used to write the Cham language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Кха чампа.png

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on the Eastern Cham and Western Cham test wikis at the Wikimedia Incubator.

Caucasian Albanianedit

The Caucasian Albanian script was an alphabetic writing system used by the Caucasian Albanians, one of the ancient Northeast Caucasian peoples whose territory comprised parts of present-day Azerbaijan and Dagestan. The fonts that support this script are listed below.

Cherokeeedit

The Cherokee syllabary, used to write the Cherokee language, is supported by the following fonts:

Lowercase Cherokee letters were added to Unicode version 8.0 in June, 2015. Font support for lowercase Cherokee is not yet widespread. Those fonts that do support lowercase are:

Cherokee uppercase letters:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Cherokee.svg ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ

Cherokee lowercase letters:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Cherokee Lowercase.png Ꮳꮃꭹ Ꭶꮼꮒꭿꮝꮧ

Copticedit

The Coptic alphabet is used to write the Coptic language, which was used in Egypt before Arabic. It is currently used solely as a liturgical language, and is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Coptic-render.svg ⲙⲛⲧⲣⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲉ

Cuneiformedit

The cuneiform script was primarily used to write Akkadian (including Assyrian and Babylonian) and Sumerian. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Cuneiform Rendered.svg 𒅎𒀝𒂵𒌈

Deseretedit

The Deseret alphabet is an alternative alphabet for writing the English language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Deseret Alphabet.svg 𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐈𐑊𐑁𐐩𐐺𐐯𐐻

Duployan Shorthandedit

The Duployan shorthand, or Duployan stenography (French: Sténographie Duployé), was created by Father Émile Duployé in 1860 for writing French. Historically, it was used for writing the Chinook Jargon language. The fonts that support this script are listed below.

East Asianedit

Script Correct rendering Your browser/device
Traditional Chinese Chinesetexttest.png 人人生來自由,
在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。
他們有理性和良心,
請以手足關係的精神相對待。
Simplified Chinese SimChinesetexttest.png 人人生来自由,
在尊严和权利上一律平等。
他们有理性和良心,
请以手足关系的精神相对待。
Japanese Japanese text test.svg すべての人間は、生まれながらにして自由であり、
かつ、尊厳と権利と について平等である。
人間は、理性と良心とを授けられており、
互いに同胞の精神をもって行動しなければならない。
Korean Korean text test.svg 모든 인간은 태어날 때부터
자유로우며 그 존엄과 권리에
있어 동등하다. 인간은 천부적으로
이성과 양심을 부여받았으며 서로
형제애의 정신으로 행동하여야 한다.

Several Wikipedias use these scripts, including Chinese, Classical Chinese, Cantonese (Yue), Gan, Japanese, and Korean. They are not used (widely) in the Min Nan, Zhuang, or Vietnamese Wikipedias, even though the scripts are sometimes used in those languages, as well.

Hentaiganaedit

Hentaigana are obsolete or nonstandard hiragana used occasionally on signage in Japan. Hentaigana characters are supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Hiragana NO 01.svg 𛂛

Egyptian hieroglyphsedit

Egyptian hieroglyphs are supported by the following fonts:

Glyph stacking and formatting is accomplished via Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls, which were added to version 12 of the Unicode standard in March 2019. However the above fonts do not yet support this feature.

Correct rendering Your browser/device
it
n
ra
G25x
n
𓇋𓏏𓐰𓈖𓐰𓇳𓅜𓐍𓐰𓈖

See also Help:WikiHiero syntax.

Elbasanedit

The Elbasan script is a mid 18th-century alphabetic script used for the Albanian language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Elbasan letter a.svg 𐔀

Ethiopicedit

The Ethiopic syllabary is used in central east Africa for Amharic, Bilen, Tigre, Tigrinya, and other languages. It evolved from the script for classical Ge'ez, which is now strictly a liturgical language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Ethiopiya-text.svg ኢትዮጵያ

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on the Oromo Wikipedia.

Gothicedit

The Gothic alphabet, which is used to write the Gothic language, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Gutisk.svg 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺

Granthaedit

The Grantha script, used in Tamil Nadu and Kerala to write Sanskrit, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Shukla Grantha.svg 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥

Hanunó'oedit

Hanunó'o script is used to write the Hanunó'o language. It is supported to varying extents by the following fonts:

  • GNU FreeFont
  • Kurinto Font Folio (11 typefaces that have "Main" variant fonts)
  • Noto Sans Hanunoo, a font made by Google
  • Quivira NOT RECOMMENDED FOR HANUNÓ'O: It contains basic Hanunó'o letters but not the ligatures required to correctly render many Hanunó'o syllables.

After downloading and installing one or more of the fonts above, reload this page as a check. For example, the GNU FreeSans font might not render the characters in the following table correctly on your device and browser, whilst the Noto Sans Hanunoo font might.

Correct rendering Your browser/device Sample syllables
Hanunoo script sample, syllables nga ngi ngu.svg ᜥᜥᜲᜥᜳ nga ngi ngu

Imperial Aramaicedit

The ancient Aramaic alphabet was adapted by Arameans from the Phoenician alphabet and became a distinct script by the 8th century BC. The supporting fonts are listed below.

Indicedit

The following table compares how a correctly enabled computer would render the following scripts with how your computer renders them:

Script Correct rendering Your browser/device Help page
Bengali Complex Text Rendering - Bengali.svg ক + িকি Wikipedia:Bangla script display help
Devanāgarī Complex Text Rendering - Devanagari.svg क + िकि Template:Devfonthelp
Gujarati Complex Text Rendering - Gujarati.svg ક + િકિ
Gurmukhī Complex Text Rendering - Gurmukhi.svg ਕ + ਿਕਿ
Kannada Complex Text Rendering - Kannada.svg ಕ + ಿಕಿ
Malayalam Complex Text Rendering - Malayalam.svg ക + െകെ
Odia Complex Text Rendering - Odia.svg କ + େକେ
Sinhala Complex Text Rendering - Sinhala.svg ඵ + ේඵේ
Tibetan Complex Text Rendering - Tibetan.svg ར + ྐ + ྱརྐྱ
Tamil Complex Text Rendering - Tamil.svg க + ேகே
Telugu Complex Text Rendering - Telugu.svg య + ీయీ

These scripts are used in a great many Wikipedias, including the ones for Assamese, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Central Tibetan, Dzongkha, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Goan Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Newar, Odia, Pali, Eastern Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sinhalese, Tamil, Telugu, and Tulu.

They are also used in the Wikimedia Incubator test wikis for Angika, Awadhi, Badaga, Bodo, Chhattisgarhi, Haryanvi, Kanikkaran, Kutchi, Rajasthani, Saurashtra, and Tamang.

Inscriptional Parthianedit

Inscriptional Parthian was used for writing the Parthian language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Inscriptional Parthian rendering test.svg 𐭀𐭅𐭎 𐭔𐭅𐭂𐭅𐭍 𐭋𐭍

Javaneseedit

The Javanese script is used to write the Javanese language. It is supported by Unicode 5.2 and above. The script is a so-called SIL Graphite-script, and is best supported by Firefox. As of recently however, it can be rendered by the OpenType and TrueType standards, provided the right font is used. The script is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Sugeng rawuh tuladha.png
Your browser/device ꧋ꦱꦸꦒꦼꦁꦫꦮꦸꦃꦮꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦗꦮꦶ꧉
Transliteration Sugeng Rawuh Wènten ing Wikipédia Jawi

Kaithiedit

Kaithi, also called "Kayathi" or "Kayasthi", is a historical script used widely in parts of North India. It is supported by the following font:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Kaithi noto.svg 𑂍𑂶𑂟𑂲

Kharosthiedit

Kharosthi, also spelled Kharoshthi or Kharoṣṭhī, is an ancient script used in ancient Gandhara and ancient India. It is supported by the following fonts:

  • Noto Sans Kharosthi NOT RECOMMENDED: Even though it's a font made by Google, it doesn't render many necessary conjunctions, but Segoe UI does. It also has misplaced vowel marks.
  • Segoe UI Historic (Microsoft Windows font, available in Windows 10 and later)
Correct rendering Your browser/device
Kharosthi font rendering sample.png 𐨤𐨪𐨌𐨪𐨿𐨗𐨸𐨅𐨌𐨏

Khudabadiedit

Khudabadi, also spelled Khudawadi, or Sindhi, is a script used to write Sindhi Language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device Transliteration
Sindhi khudabadi.svg 𑋝𑋡𑋟𑋟𑋐𑋢 Sindhi

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on the Sindhi Wikipedia.

Klingonedit

The Klingon script is used to write the Klingon language, an artistic language of the Star Trek franchise. The script is not encoded in Unicode but a range of code points defined in the ConScript Unicode Registry (CSUR) is in common use. The following fonts support these CSUR code points:


Correct rendering Your browser/device
PIqaD in pIqaD.png 

Lepchaedit

The Lepcha script is used to write Lepcha, a language spoken by 66,500 people in northern Nepal. The following fonts support the Unicode points for Lepcha:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Shukla Lepcha.svg ᰛᰩᰵᰛᰧᰵᰶ

Limbuedit

The Limbu alphabet, used to write the Limbu language, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Limbu-render.svg ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ

Linear Aedit

The undeciphered Linear A script was used in ancient Greece. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Linear A Sign A001.svgLinear A Sign A021.svgLinear A Sign A031.svgLinear A Sign A054.svgLinear A Sign A076.svgLinear A Sign A123.svg 𐘀  𐘏  𐘞  𐘮  𐘽  𐙌

Linear Bedit

The Linear B script was used for writing Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested form of the Greek language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Linear B Sample.png 𐁂𐀐𐀷

Lisu (Fraser alphabet)edit

The Fraser alphabet is used only to write the Lisu language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Fraser-alphabet-render.svg ꓛꓬꓹ ꓡꓯꓺ ꓡꓯꓺ

Lontaraedit

The Lontara script is used to write Buginese, Makassarese, and Mandar. The script is encoded in block "Buginese", code points 1A00–1A1F (Unicode.org chart). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering Your browser/device Transliteration
Lontara script.png ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ Basa Ugi

Mandaicedit

The Mandaic alphabet, used to write the Mandaic language and Neo-Mandaic, is supported by the following font:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Mandaic sample abaga.svg ࡀࡁࡀࡂࡀ

Marchenedit

The Marchen script, is used to write the Zhang-Zhung language, is supported by the following font:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Nonotonoto.png 𑲁𑲠𑱹𑲚

Meiteiedit

The Meitei script, used to write the Meetei language, is supported by the following font:

Correct rendering Your browser/device
Meitei language written in Meitei script.svg ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ

Mongolianedit

Zdroj: Wikipedia.org - čítajte viac o Help:Multilingual support





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