Human fossil - Wiki slovník

The following tables give an overview of notable finds of hominin fossils and remains relating to human evolution, beginning with the formation of the tribe Hominini (the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages) in the late Miocene, roughly 7 to 8 million years ago.

As there are thousands of fossils, mostly fragmentary, often consisting of single bones or isolated teeth with complete skulls and skeletons rare, this overview is not complete, but shows some of the most important findings. The fossils are arranged by approximate age as determined by radiometric dating and/or incremental dating and the species name represents current consensus; if there is no clear scientific consensus the other possible classifications are indicated.

The early fossils shown are not considered ancestors to Homo sapiens but are closely related to ancestors and are therefore important to the study of the lineage. After 1.5 million years ago (extinction of Paranthropus), all fossils shown are human (genus Homo). After 11,500 years ago (11.5 ka, beginning of the Holocene), all fossils shown are Homo sapiens (anatomically modern humans), illustrating recent divergence in the formation of modern human sub-populations.

Late Miocene (7.2–5.5 million years old)

The chimpanzee–human divergence likely took place during around 10 to 7 million years ago.^[1] The list of fossils begins with Graecopithecus, dated some 7.2 million years ago, which may or may not still be ancestral to both the human and the chimpanzee lineage. For the earlier history of the human lineage, see Timeline of human evolution#Hominidae, Hominidae#Phylogeny.

Name	Age (Ma)	Species	Year discovered	Country	Discovered by	Now located at
El Graeco	7.20^[2]	Graecopithecus	1944, 2017	Greece, Bulgaria Site:Pyrgos Vassilissis, Azmaka	Böhme (Tübingen), Spassov (BAS)	Met, Athens; Tübingen, Germany
TM 266 (Toumai)	7.00–6.00^[3]	Sahelanthropus tchadensis	2001	Chad Site:Djurab Desert	Michel Brunet, Alain Beauvilain, Fanone Gongdibe, Mahamat Adoum and Ahounta Djimdoumalbaye	N'Djamena (Chad), BEAC
BAR 1000'00	6.1–5.7^[4]	Orrorin tugenensis	2000	Kenya Site:Lukeino	Martin Pickford, Kiptalam Cheboi, Dominique Gommery, Pierre Mein, Brigitte Senut
Trachilos footprints	6.05^[5]	Made by hominin or hominin-like primate	2002	Greece	Gerard D. Gierliński
ALA-VP 1/20^[6]	5.65±0.150	Ardipithecus kadabba	1997	Ethiopia Site:Middle Awash	Yohannes Haile-Selassie

Pliocene (5.3–2.58 million years old)

Name	Age (Ma)	Species	Year discovered	Country	Discovered by	Now located at
Ardi	4.40^[7]	Ardipithecus ramidus	1994	Ethiopia	Yohannes Haile-Selassie
Lothagam mandible (KNM-LT 329)^[8]	4.60±0.40^[9]	Australopithecus anamensis or undetermined Hominidae	1967	Kenya	Arnold Lewis,^[10] Bryan Patterson^[11]^[12]^[13]
KNM-TH 13150	4.70±0.55^[14]	Australopithecus anamensis	1984	Kenya	Kiptalam Cheboi^[11]
KNM-KP 271	4.00^[15]	Australopithecus anamensis	1965	Kanapoi, Kenya	Bryan Patterson^[11]
Laetoli Footprints	3.70	Bipedal hominin	1976	Tanzania	Mary Leakey
LH 4	3.40±0.50	Australopithecus afarensis	1974	Laetoli, Tanzania	Mary Leakey^[16]
KSD-VP-1/1 (Kadanuumuu)	3.58	Australopithecus afarensis	2005	Ethiopia	Yohannes Haile-Selassie
KT-12/H1 (Abel)	3.50	Australopithecus bahrelghazali	1995	Chad	Mamelbaye Tomalta and Michel Brunet	N'Djamena (Chad), BEAC
KNM-WT 22944 G-J^[17]	3.50	Australopithecus sp.	1990	Kenya	Multinational team	National Museums of Kenya
KNM-WT 40000 (Flat Faced Man)^[18]	3.50-3.20	Kenyanthropus platyops	1999	Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana), Kenya	Justus Erus and Meave Leakey^[19]
BRT-VP-3/14	3.40±0.10	Australopithecus deyiremeda	2015	Ethiopia	Yohannes Haile-Selassie^[20]
Stw 573 (Little foot)	3.67	Australopithecus prometheus(?)	1994	Sterkfontein, South Africa	Ronald J. Clarke
DIK-1 (Selam)	3.30	Australopithecus afarensis	2000	Ethiopia	Zeresenay Alemseged
AL 288-1 (Lucy)	3.20	Australopithecus afarensis	1974	Ethiopia	Tom Gray, Donald Johanson, Yves Coppens and Maurice Taieb	National Museum of Ethiopia
AL 200-1	3.10±0.10	Australopithecus afarensis	1975	Afar Region, Ethiopia	Donald Johanson Yves Coppens and Maurice Taieb
AL 129-1	3.10±0.10	Australopithecus afarensis	1973	Afar Region, Ethiopia	Donald Johanson
AL 444-2^[21]	3.00	Australopithecus afarensis	1992	Afar Region, Ethiopia	Yoel Rak
LD 350-1^[22]	2.775±0.025^[23]	Homo(?)	2013	Ethiopia	Chalachew Seyoum
Taung Child 1	3.03–2.61	Australopithecus africanus	1924	Buxton-Norlim Limeworks, South Africa	Raymond Dart	University of the Witwatersrand

Pleistocene

Lower Paleolithic: 2.58–0.3 million years old

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Human_fossil
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Name	Age (Ma)	Species	Date discovered	Country	Discovered by	Now located at
KNM-WT 17000 (The Black Skull)	2.50	Paranthropus aethiopicus	1985	Kenya	Alan Walker
BOU-VP-12/130^[24]	2.50	Australopithecus garhi	1997	Ethiopia	Yohannes Haile-Selassie
STS 71^[25]	2.61–2.07	Australopithecus africanus	1947	Sterkfontein, South Africa	Robert Broom and John T. Robinson	Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
STS 52	2.61–2.07	Australopithecus africanus	1947	Sterkfontein, South Africa	Robert Broom	Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
UR 501 (Uraha jawbone)	2.40±0.10	Homo rudolfensis^[26]	1991	Malawi	Tyson Msiska, Timothy Bromage, Friedemann Schrenk
STS 5 (Mrs. Ples) (STS 14)^[27]	2.07^[28]	Australopithecus africanus	1947	Sterkfontein, South Africa	Robert Broom	Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
DNH 134 (Simon)^[29]	2.04^[29]	Homo erectus

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