Indonesian National Police Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia
Insignia of POLRI
Insignia of the Police Headquarters
Flag of POLRI
Abbreviation	POLRI
Motto	Sanskrit: Rastra Sewakottama (Serving the Nation)
Agency overview
Formed	1 July 1946; 78 years ago (1946-07-01)
Employees	440,000 (2020)
Legal personality	Police force
Jurisdictional structure
National agency (Operations jurisdiction)	Indonesia
Operations jurisdiction	Indonesia
Legal jurisdiction	National
Constituting instrument	Law No. 2 of 2002 on State Police of the Republic of Indonesia[1]
General nature	Civilian police
Operational structure
Headquarters	Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta
Agency executives	Pol. Gen. Listyo Sigit Prabowo, Chief of Indonesian National Police Pol. Com. Gen. Agus Andrianto [id], Deputy Chief of Indonesian National Police
Notables
Anniversary	1 July
Website
www.polri.go.id

The Indonesian National Police (Indonesian: Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, lit. 'The State Police of the Republic of Indonesia', abbreviated as POLRI) is the national law enforcement and police force of the Republic of Indonesia. Founded on 1 July 1946, it was formerly a part of the country's military since 1962. The police were formally separated from the armed forces on 1 April 1999 in a process which was formally completed on 1 July 1999.^[2]

The organization is now independent and is under the direct auspices of the President of Indonesia. The Indonesian National Police is responsible for law enforcement and policing duties all over Indonesia. The organization is widely known for its corruption, violence/brutality and incompetence.^[3][4]

The Indonesian National Police also takes part in international United Nations missions, and, after special training, provided security for the UNAMID mission to protect internally-displaced people in Darfur.^[5]

In total, per 2020 the total personnel that the Indonesian National Police possesses is 440,000,^[6] and the number is increasing every year, it includes 34,000 Brimob personnel,^[7] with up-to 7,000 water and aviation police personnel.^[8] Polri is also assisted by an estimated 1 million members of Senkom Mitra Polri volunteers throughout the country which are civilians that assist the police.^[9]

The headquarters of the Indonesian National Police is located in Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta and the Indonesian National Police hotline-emergency number is 110 which serves all over Indonesia 24 hours.^[10]

History

While Indonesia was under Dutch colonial rule, police duties were performed either by military establishments or the colonial police, known as the Veldpolitie or field police.^[11] Japanese occupation during World War II brought changes when the Japanese formed various armed organisations to support their war effort. This led to militarily-trained youths being armed with confiscated Dutch arms to perform police duties.

After the Japanese occupation, the national police became an armed organization.^{[citation needed]} The Indonesian police was established on 19 August 1945 (under the title of the National Police Agency (Badan Kepolisian Negara)) and its units fought in the Indonesian National Revolution against the invading Dutch forces. The police would later be renamed the National Police Service (Djawatan Kepolisian Negara) under the Ministry of Home Affairs and in 1 June 1946, it became an independent agency under the prime minister. The police also participated in suppressing the 1948 communist revolt in Madiun. In 1962, the police was brought under the control of the Commander of the National Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defence, becoming the Indonesian Police Forces (Angkatan Kepolisian). Following the proclamation of independence, the police played a vital role when they actively supported the people's movement to dismantle the Japanese army, and to strengthen the defence of the newly created Republic of Indonesia. The police were one of the non-combatants who were required to surrender their weapons to the Allied forces. During the Indonesian National Revolution, the police gradually formed into what is now known as Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri) or the Indonesian National Police. On 21 June 1962, the National Police was integrated under the Armed Forces (ABRI) and changed its name to Angkatan Kepolisian (Police Force), and its commander maintained the concurrent status of Minister of Defense and Security, reporting to the President, who is commander in chief. The commanding generals (later chiefs of staff) and the Chief of the National Police then all held ministerial status as members of the cabinet of the republic, while a number of higher-ranking officers were appointed to other cabinet posts. On 1 July 1969, the Police Force's name was reverted to "Polri". In April 1999, the police force officially regained its independence and since then has been a separate force from the armed forces proper.

1 July, which became National Police Day (Hari Bhayangkara), honours the anniversary of the 1946 Cabinet resolution placing the INP as a national agency subordinated directly to the government of the Republic and thus responsible to the President (formerly the Prime Minister).

Duties and tasks

The key tasks of the Indonesian National Police are to:

• maintain security and public order;
• enforce the law, and
• provide protection, and service to the community.

In carrying out these basic tasks, police are to:

• perform control, guard, escort and patrol of the community and government activities as needed;
• supply all activities to ensure the safety and smoothness of vehicular traffic on every kind of roadway,
• develop community awareness in the development of national law;
• implement order and ensure public safety;
• implement co-ordination, supervision, and technical guidance to the investigators, civil servants/authorities, and the forms of private security;
• implement the investigation against all criminal acts in accordance with the criminal procedure law and other legislation;
• implement identification such as police medical operations, psychology, and police forensic laboratory for the interests of the tasks set by the service,
• protect soul safety, property, society, and the environment from disturbances and/or disaster, including providing aid and relief to uphold human rights;
• serve interests of citizens for a while before it is handled by the agency and/or authorities;
• give services to the public in accordance with the interests of the police task environment;
• implement other duties in accordance with the Constitution and legislative acts, which in practice are regulated by Government Regulation;
• receive reports and/or complaints;
• perform crowd and public control;
• help resolve community disputes that may interfere with the public order;
• supervise the flow that can lead to the dismemberment or threaten the unity of the nation;
• publicise police regulations within the scope of police administrative authority;
• implement special examination as part of the police identification;
• respond first and rapid action to a scene;
• take the identity, fingerprints and photograph of a person for identification purposes;
• look for information and evidence;
• organise National Crime Information Centre;
• issue licence and / or certificate that is required to service the community;
• give security assistance in the trial and execution of court decisions, the activities of other agencies, as well as community activities; and
• receive, secure, and keep lost items located and found for a while until further identification

Hierarchy

The organization of the Indonesian National Police is hierarchical, headed by the POLRI general headquarters in Kebayoran Baru. There is no differentiation between the central organization with its regional components.

• Regional Police Force (Kepolisian Daerah, Polda) which covers an entire province and is headed by a two-star police general (Police Inspector). It was formerly known as Police Commissariats (Kepolisian Komisariat) and Regional Police Commands (Komando Daerah Kepolisan, Komdak).
• Resort/Departmental Police Force (Kepolisian Resor, Polres) which covers a city or regency and is usually headed by a police officer holding the rank of Police Chief Commissioner for urban areas and a Police Deputy Chief Commissioner for rural areas. It was formerly known as Resort/Departmental Police Commands (Komando Resor Kepolisian).
• Sectoral Police Force (Kepolisian Sektor, Polsek) which covers a district and is usually headed by a police officer holding the rank of Police Commissioner for urban areas and a Police Deputy Commissioner for rural areas. Meanwhile, in Papua there are Polseks which are headed by officers with lesser ranks, such as Police Inspectors.
  • Community Police Officers (Bhayangkara Pembina Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat, abbreviated Bhabinkamtibmas, lit. 'Public Security and Order Supervising Officer') are senior NCOs/Sub-Inspectors of Police officers which are coordinated under the Sectoral Police office. They are tasked in mentoring, supervising, and maintaining law and order in a particular smaller community which usually covers an urban village and/or a rural village (desa). They are identified by their yellow brassard printed "BHABINKAMTIBMAS" and are tasked to monitor local community activities such as during elections and/or other community gathering occasions.

Until 2010, there was also a police force division called Territorial Police Force (Kepolisian Wilayah, Polwil, formerly Komando Wilayah Kepolisian, Komwik) positioned between Polda and Polres. Polwils' divisions were based on Dutch East Indian residencies. The legacy of Polwils remain on the vehicle code on Indonesian vehicle registration plates.

Organization

Leadership elements

The leadership elements headed not only the Police Force General Headquarters (Markas Besar Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, abbreviated Mabes Polri) in Jakarta, but also the entire Indonesian National Police Force.

• Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, abbreviated Kapolri). He is appointed by and answerable only to the President of Indonesia; and
• Deputy Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Wakil Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, abbreviated Wakapolri), who assists the Chief in managing the administration of the Police, representing the Chief in official duties, as well as executing other orders by the Chief.

Leadership support elements

Inspectorate

• General Inspectorate of the National Police (Inspektorat Pengawasan Umum), tasked with assisting the Chief in the implementation of supervision as well as conducting general inspection and treasury within the National Police including non-structural organizational units under the control of chief of national police.

Assistants to the Chief of Police

• Assistant to the Chief of Police for Operations (Asisten Kapolri Bidang Operasi), tasked with assisting the Chief of Police in the implementation of operational management functions within the police environment including external coordination and cooperation as well as community empowerment and other POLRI auxiliary elements.
• Assistant to the Chief of Police for General Planning and Budget (Asisten Kapolri Bidang Perencanaan Umum dan Anggaran), tasked to assist the Chief of Police in the implementation of general planning and budgetary functions, including the development of organizational and management systems and research and development within the Indonesian national police.
• Assistant to the Chief of Police for Human Resources (Asisten Kapolri Bidang Sumber Daya Manusia), tasked with assisting the Chief of Police in the implementation of human resources management functions, including efforts to maintain and improve the welfare of personnel within the Indonesian national police.
• Assistant to the Chief of Police for Law Enforcement Facilities and Infrastructure (Asisten Kapolri Bidang Sarana dan Prasarana), tasked with assisting the Chief of Police in the implementation of the function of facilities and infrastructure within the National Police.
• Assistant to the Chief of Police for Logistics (Asisten Kapolri Bidang Logistik) tasked with assisting the Chief of Police in the implementation of Police logistical efforts.

Divisions

• Professional and Security Division (Divisi Profesi dan Pengamanan) is the special staffing element in the field of professional accountability and internal security. This division acts as the internal affairs of the Police Force, in charge of enforcement of discipline and law and order of police personnel.
• Legal Division (Divisi Hukum) serves as the legal office for the Chief of Police, tasked with the provision of legal research, legal support, legal advices, legal development, legal guidance, and human rights support within the Police Force.
• Public Affairs and Press Division (Divisi Hubungan Masyarakat) tasked with maintaining the public image and relations of the Police Force, as well as providing publicly-accessible Police data, information, and documentations.
• International Relations Division (Divisi Hubungan Internasional) is an assistant element of international relations leadership that is under the Chief of Police. This section also oversees the Indonesian National Crime Bureau Interpol, to deal with transnational crimes.
• Police Information Technology Division (Divisi Teknologi Informasi Kepolisian), is a supporting element in the field of informatics which includes information technology and electronic communications.

Advisory Staff

The Advisory Staff to the Chief of Police (Staf Ahli Kapolri) advises the Chief of Police regarding strategic matters. The advisory staff consists of:

• Advisory Staff Coordinator (Koordinator Staf Ahli), which coordinates the advisory staff's workflow;
• Advisor to the Chief of Police for Socio-Cultural Affairs (Staf Ahli Bidang Sosial Budaya);
• Advisor to the Chief of Police for Political Affairs (Staf Ahli Bidang Politik);
• Advisor to the Chief of Police for Economic Affairs (Staf Ahli Bidang Ekonomi); and
• Advisor to the Chief of Police for Management (Staf Ahli Bidang Manajemen).

Headquarters elements

• Executive Personal Staff (Staf Pribadi Pimpinan) provides technical and administrative support and assistance to the Police Chief and Deputy Chief in executing their duties.
• General Secretariat (Sekretariat Umum) provides general secretarial and administrative support within the Police Headquarters.
• Headquarters Service (Pelayanan Markas) provides technical support and other services within the Police Headquarters, including Headquarters facility management and maintenance.

Central executive agencies

• Baintelkam, or the Intelligence and Security Agency (Badan Intelijen dan Keamanan) is responsible for fostering and performing intelligence functions in the field of security for the purpose of performing the operational and management duties of the national police as well as to support the implementation of government duties in order to realize domestic security.
• Bareskrim, or the Criminal Investigation Agency (Badan Reserse Kriminal) is responsible for fostering and conducting criminal investigation and investigation functions, including the function of forensic laboratory identification, in the context of law enforcement.
• Baharkam, or the Security Maintenance Agency (Badan Pemelihara Keamanan) is responsible for fostering and conducting security guidance functions that include the maintenance and efforts to improve the security and public order conditions in order to achieve domestic security.
• Korbrimob, Brimob, or the Mobile Brigade Corps (Korps Brigade Mobil) is in charge of performing security counseling functions particularly with regard to the handling of high-intensity security disturbances, in the framework of enforcement of internal security.
• Korlantas, or the Traffic Corps (Korps Lalu Lintas) is responsible for fostering and organizing traffic functions that include community education, law enforcement, traffic assessment, registration and identification of drivers and motor vehicles, and conducting road patrols.
• Densus 88, or the Detachment 88 Anti-Terror Special Unit (Detasemen Khusus 88 Antiteror) is responsible for carrying out intelligence, prevention, investigation, enforcement and operational support functions in the investigation and investigation of terrorism.

Supporting elements

• Police Education and Training Institute (Lembaga Pendidikan dan Pelatihan) or Lemdiklat for short, is in charge of planning, developing, and organizing the function of education and training in formation and development of and to the scope of the Indonesian National Police for ensuring education of recruits or personnel which are specializing in particular policing units which includes the maintaining of professionalism, managerial, academic, and vocational education. Lemdiklat is responsible for the operation of the following educational institutions:
  • National Police Staff College (Sekolah Staf dan Pimpinan) is the education implementing element and special staff educational institution related to the development of police management and administration within the officer corps. It consists of: (1) National Police Advanced Officers College (Sekolah Staf dan Pimpinan Pertama), (2) National Police Junior Staff College (Sekolah Staf dan Pimpinan Menengah), and (3) National Police Command and Staff College (Sekolah Staf dan Pimpinan Tinggi).
  • Police Academy (Akademi Kepolisian) is the element of officer rank formation of Police recruits.
  • Police Higher Education College (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kepolisian) is an education and staffing element concerned with higher education and the development of police science.
  • Police Officers' Candidate School (Sekolah Pembentukan Perwira) is the element of education for the formation of Police Officers to become officer rank originating from enlisted or constable ranks of policemen and policewomen.
  • Police Baccalaureate Inspector School (Sekolah Inspektur Polisi Sumber Sarjana) is the element of education for the establishment of Police officer from graduates with bachelor's degree, rather than via the Police Academy or Police Officer's Candidate School.
  • Police Education and Training Centers (Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan).
• Police Medical and Health Center (Pusat Kedokteran dan Kesehatan), including the Raden Said Soekanto National Police Central Hospital (Rumah Sakit Pusat Polri) in Jakarta, tasked with Police Force health administration, Police physical and psychological fitness, and Police healthcare.
• Police Finance Center (Pusat Keuangan) tasked with Police Force financial management and administration.
• Police Research and Development Center (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan) tasked with Police Force research and development program management, research and development in public safety and order, research and development in public service, and other research and development functions.
• Police Historical and Heritage Center (Pusat Sejarah), tasked with researching, documenting, recording, managing, educating, and collecting Police Force's historical memories, objects, and events. It also manages the Police Force Headquarters museum and library.

Regional Police

Emblem of the Metro Jaya Region

Polda Metro Jaya Headquarters

Polda Metro Jaya is the police headquarters of the Greater Jakarta Region covering the metropolitan area

• The Regional Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polda) is the main implementing unit of territoriality under the Chief of Police. Polda is responsible for carrying out national police duties at province level. A "Polda" is headed by a Regional Chief of Police (Kapolda), which is responsible to the Chief of national Police (Kapolri) and holds the rank of either Inspector General or Brigadier General. Kapolda is assisted by Deputy Chief of Police (Wakapolda).
• The Regional Police (Polda) is responsible for the Departmental Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polres) which covers a city or district/municipal level in that province. For big cities, Departamental Police (Polres) forces are called Metropolitan Police (Polrestabes), and for the urban type it is named only City Police (Polresta). The Polres has a complete police task force, like a Polda, and is led by a Police Chief Commissioner (Kombes) (for city police) or Police Superintendent (AKBP) for regency police.
• Sectoral Police (Polsek) are led by a Police Superintendent (AKBP) or Police Commissioner (Kompol) (for urban divisions), while in other Poldas, Polseks are led by officers of Police chief inspector (AKP) rank for Rural areas. In some areas which are remote like Papua, a Polsek may be led by a Police Inspector 2nd Class (Ipda).

Each Regional Police headquarters (Polda) which covers a province oversees the following directorates:

• Criminal Investigation Directorate
  • Sub-directorate of Criminal Affairs
  • Sub-Directorate for Crimes of Violence (Jatanras)
  • Sub-directorate for Teens, Children and Women affairs
  • Inafis Unit (Indonesia Automatic Finger Print Identification System) / Identification of TKP (Crime Scene)
• Directorate of Special Crimes Investigation
  • Sub-Directorate of Corruption
  • Sub-directorate of Land and building Property (Hardabangtah)
  • Sub-directorate of Cyber Crimes
• Directorate of Drug Investigation
  • Narcotics Subdivision
  • Psychotropic subdivision
• Directorate of Intelligence and Security
• Directorate of Traffic Security
  • Sub Directorate of Education and Conjecture (Dikyasa)
  • Sub Directorate of Registration and Identification (Regident)
  • Sub Directorate of Traffic Law Enforcement (Gakkum)
  • Sub Directorate of Road Security and Safety (Kamsel)
  • Sub Directorate of Road Escort and Patrol (Patwal)
  • Sub Directorate of Highway patrol (PJR)
• Animal Unit (Unit Satwa) - (mounted police and K9 dogs)
• Directorate of Community Guidance and Development (Bimmas, formerly Bina Mitra)
• Patrol Units (Sabhara) Directorate - ("Alert Unit")
• Directorate of VIP and Important Facility Protection (Pamobvit)
• Directorate of Water police and Aviation (Polairud)
• Directorate of Prisoners and Evidence Gathering (Tahti)
• Operations Bureau
• Human Resources Bureau
• Bureau of Infrastructure Facilities (Sarpras, formerly Logistic)
• Finance Office
• Bureau of internal Profession and Security (Propam) - (Internal affairs unit)
• Law Bureau
• Public Relations and Press Service
• Regional Police Medical Bureau

Units

Special units

Public units

The following fall under department police headquarters (Polres) of cities and regencies:

Rank structure

In the early years, the Indonesian Police used European style police ranks, like "Brigadier", "Inspector", and "Commissioner". When the police were amalgamated with the military structure during the 1960s, the armed forces' ranking system was brought in, using ranks such as "Captain", "Major", and "Colonel". In the year 2000, when the Indonesian Police transitioned into a fully independent force, they used British style ranks like "Constable" and "Superintendent", but returned to their original ranking system a year later, albeit with some Indonesianized elements to help bolster national pride.^[18]

Worn on:	General Officers				Senior Officers			Junior Officers
Ceremonial Dress Uniform (PDU)
Service Uniform (PDH)
Field Uniform (PDL) on collar
Rank in Indonesian:	Jenderal Polisi (Jenderal Pol)	Komisaris Jenderal Polisi (Komjen Pol)	Inspektur Jenderal Polisi (Irjen Pol)	Brigadir Jenderal Polisi (Brigjen Pol)	Komisaris Besar Polisi (Kombes Pol)	Ajun Komisaris Besar Polisi (AKBP)	Komisaris Polisi (Kompol)	Ajun Komisaris Polisi (AKP)	Inspektur Polisi Satu (Iptu)	Inspektur Polisi Dua (Ipda)
Rank in English:	Police General	Police Commissioner General	Police Inspector General	Police Brigadier General	Police Chief Commissioner	Police Adjunct Chief Commissioner	Police Commissioner	Police Adjunct Commissioner	Police 1st Inspector	Police 2nd Inspector
Office or duty	Chief of National Police	Vice Chief, chief of national police organs	chief of regional police, vice chief of national police organs, chief of national police divisions, commandant Mobile Brigade (SWAT) corps	director of national police general directorates, vice chief of regional police	chief of departamental police, director of regional police directorates, regional police spokesperson	vice chief of departmental police	chief of sectoral police	chief of sectoral police

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Worn on:	Sub-inspectors of Police (WO)		Constables (NCO)
Ceremonial Dress Uniform (PDU)
Service Uniform (PDH)