Core i5 processor with integrated HD Graphics 2000

Intel Graphics Technology^[4] (GT)^[a] is the collective name for a series of integrated graphics processors (IGPs) produced by Intel that are manufactured on the same package or die as the central processing unit (CPU). It was first introduced in 2010 as Intel HD Graphics and renamed in 2017 as Intel UHD Graphics.

Intel Iris Graphics and Intel Iris Pro Graphics are the IGP series introduced in 2013 with some models of Haswell processors as the high-performance versions of HD Graphics. Iris Pro Graphics was the first in the series to incorporate embedded DRAM.^[5] Since 2016 Intel refers to the technology as Intel Iris Plus Graphics with the release of Kaby Lake.

In the fourth quarter of 2013, Intel integrated graphics represented, in units, 65% of all PC graphics processor shipments.^[6] However, this percentage does not represent actual adoption as a number of these shipped units end up in systems with discrete graphics cards.

History

Before the introduction of Intel HD Graphics, Intel integrated graphics were built into the motherboard's northbridge, as part of the Intel's Hub Architecture. They were known as Intel Extreme Graphics and Intel GMA. As part of the Platform Controller Hub (PCH) design, the northbridge was eliminated and graphics processing was moved to the same die as the central processing unit (CPU).

The previous Intel integrated graphics solution, Intel GMA, had a reputation of lacking performance and features, and therefore was not considered to be a good choice for more demanding graphics applications, such as 3D gaming. The performance increases brought by Intel's HD Graphics made the products competitive with integrated graphics adapters made by its rivals, Nvidia and ATI/AMD.^[7] Intel HD Graphics, featuring minimal power consumption that is important in laptops, was capable enough that PC manufacturers often stopped offering discrete graphics options in both low-end and high-end laptop lines, where reduced dimensions and low power consumption are important.

Generations

Intel HD and Iris Graphics are divided into generations, and within each generation are divided into 'tiers' of increasing performance, denominated by the 'GTx' label. Each generation corresponds to the implementation of a Gen^[8] graphics microarchitecture with a corresponding GEN instruction set architecture^[9][10][11] since Gen4.^[12]

Gen5 Architecture

Westmere

In January 2010, Clarkdale and Arrandale processors with Ironlake graphics were released, and branded as Celeron, Pentium, or Core with HD Graphics. There was only one specification:^[13] 12 execution units, up to 43.2 GFLOPS at 900 MHz. It can decode a H264 1080p video at up to 40 fps.

Its direct predecessor, the GMA X4500, featured 10 EUs at 800 MHz, but it lacked some capabilities.^[14]

Gen6 Architecture

Sandy Bridge

In January 2011, the Sandy Bridge processors were released, introducing the "second generation" HD Graphics:

Sandy Bridge Celeron and Pentium have Intel HD, while Core i3 and above have either HD 2000 or HD 3000. HD Graphics 2000 and 3000 include hardware video encoding and HD postprocessing effects.

Gen7 Architecture

Ivy Bridge

On 24 April 2012, Ivy Bridge was released, introducing the "third generation" of Intel's HD graphics:^[15]

Ivy Bridge Celeron and Pentium have Intel HD, while Core i3 and above have either HD 2500 or HD 4000. HD Graphics 2500 and 4000 include hardware video encoding and HD postprocessing effects.

For some low-power mobile CPUs there is limited video decoding support, while none of the desktop CPUs have this limitation. HD P4000 is featured on the Ivy Bridge E3 Xeon processors with the 12X5 v2 descriptor, and supports unbuffered ECC RAM.

Gen7.5 Architecture

Haswell

Intel Haswell i7-4771 CPU, which contains integrated HD Graphics 4600 (GT2)

In June 2013, Haswell CPUs were announced, with four models of integrated GPUs:

The 128 MB of eDRAM in the Iris Pro GT3e is in the same package as the CPU, but on a separate die manufactured in a different process. Intel refers to this as a Level 4 cache, available to both CPU and GPU, naming it Crystalwell. The Linux drm/i915 driver is aware and capable of using this eDRAM since kernel version 3.12.^[16][17][18]

Gen8 Architecture

Broadwell

In November 2013, it was announced that Broadwell-K desktop processors (aimed at enthusiasts) will also carry Iris Pro Graphics.^[19]

The following models of integrated GPU are announced for Broadwell processors:^{[20][better source needed]}

Braswell

Gen9 Architecture

Skylake

The Skylake line of processors, launched in August 2015, retires VGA support, while supporting multi-monitor setups of up to three monitors connected via HDMI 1.4, DisplayPort 1.2 or Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) 1.3 interfaces.^[21][22]

The following models of integrated GPU are available or announced for the Skylake processors:^{[23][24][better source needed]}

Apollo Lake

The Apollo Lake line of processors was launched in August 2016.

Gen9.5 Architecture

Kaby Lake

The Kaby Lake line of processors was introduced in August 2016. New features: speed increases, support for 4K UHD "premium" (DRM encoded) streaming services, media engine with full hardware acceleration of 8- and 10-bit HEVC and VP9 decode.^[26][27]

Kaby Lake Refresh / Amber Lake / Coffee Lake / Coffee Lake Refresh / Whiskey Lake / Comet Lake

The Kaby Lake line of processors was introduced in October 2017. New features: HDCP 2.2 support ^[28]

Gemini Lake/Gemini Lake Refresh

New Features: HDMI 2.0 support, VP9 10-bit Profile2 hardware decoder^[30]

Gen11 Architecture

Ice Lake

New features: 10 nm Gen 11 GPU microarchitecture, two HEVC 10-bit encode pipelines, three 4K display pipelines (or 2x 5K60, 1x 4K120), variable rate shading (VRS),^[31][32][33] and integer scaling.^[34]

While the microarchitecture continues to support double-precision floating-point as previous versions did, the mobile configurations of it do not include the feature and therefore on these it is supported only through emulation.^[35]

Xe LP Architecture (Gen12)

Model	Process	Execution units	Shading units	Max boost clock (MHz)	Processing power (GFLOPS)				Notes
					FP16	FP32	FP64	INT8
Intel UHD Graphics 730	Intel 14++ nm	24	192	1200–1300	922–998	461–499	231–250	1843–1997	Used in Rocket Lake-S
Intel UHD Graphics 750		32	256	1200–1300	1228–1332	614–666	307–333	2457–2662
Intel UHD Graphics P750		32	256	1300	1332	666	333	2662	Used in Xeon W-1300 series
Intel UHD Graphics 710	Intel 7 (previously 10ESF)	16	128	1300–1350	666–692	333–346	167–173	1331–1382	Used in Alder Lake-S & Raptor Lake-S
Intel UHD Graphics 730		24	192	1400–1450	1076–1114	538–557	269–279	2150–2227
Intel UHD Graphics 770		32	256	1450–1550	1484–1588	742–794	371–397	2970–3174
Intel UHD Graphics for 11th Gen Intel Processors	Intel 10SF	32	256	1400–1450	1434–1484	717–742	359–371	2867–2970	Used in Tiger Lake-H
Intel UHD Graphics for 11th Gen Intel Processors G4		48	384	1100–1250	1690–1920	845–960	422–480	3379–3840	Used in Tiger Lake-U
Iris Xe Graphics G7		80	640	1100–1300	2816–3328	1408–1664	704–832	5632–6656
Iris Xe Graphics G7		96	768	1050–1450	3379–4454	1690–2227	845–1114	6758–8909
Intel UHD Graphics for 12th Gen Intel Processors	Intel 7 (previously 10ESF)	48	384	700–1200	1075–1843	538–922	269–461	2151–3686	Used in Alder Lake-H/P/U
Intel UHD Graphics for 12th Gen Intel Processors		64	512	850–1400	1741–2867	870–1434	435–717	3482–5734
Iris Xe Graphics		80	640	900–1400	2304–3584	1152–1792	576–896	4608–7168
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