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This article contains lists of quasars. More than a million quasars have been observed,[1] so any list on Wikipedia is necessarily a selection of them.
Proper naming of quasars are by Catalogue Entry, Qxxxx±yy using B1950 coordinates, or QSO Jxxxx±yyyy using J2000 coordinates. They may also use the prefix QSR. There are currently no quasars that are visible to the naked eye.
List of quasars
This is a list of exceptional quasars for characteristics otherwise not separately listed
| Quasar | Notes |
|---|---|
| Twin Quasar | Associated with a possible planet microlensing event in the gravitational lens galaxy that is doubling the Twin Quasar's image. |
| QSR J1819+3845 | Proved interstellar scintillation due to the interstellar medium. |
| CTA-102 | In 1965, Soviet astronomer Nikolai S. Kardashev declared that this quasar was sending coded messages from an alien civilization.[2] |
| CID-42 | Its supermassive black hole is being ejected and will one day become a displaced quasar. |
| TON 618 | TON 618 is a very distant and extremely luminous quasar—technically, a hyperluminous, broad-absorption line, radio-loud quasar—located near the North Galactic Pole in the constellation Canes Venatici. |
List of named quasars
This is a list of quasars, with a common name, instead of a designation from a survey, catalogue or list.
| Quasar | Origin of name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Twin Quasar | From the fact that two images of the same quasar are produced by gravitational lensing. | |
| Einstein Cross | From the fact that gravitational lensing of the quasar forms a near perfect Einstein cross, a concept in gravitational lensing. | |
| Triple Quasar | From the fact that there are three bright images of the same gravitationally lensed quasar. | There are actually four images; the fourth is faint. |
| Cloverleaf | From its appearance having similarity to the leaf of a clover. It has been gravitationally lensed into four images, of roughly similar appearance. | |
| Teacup Galaxy | The name comes from the shape of the extended emission, which is shaped like the handle of a teacup. The handle is a bubble shaped by quasar winds or small-scale radio jets. | Low redshift, highly obscured type 2 quasar. |
 |
List of multiply imaged quasars
This is a list of quasars that as a result of gravitational lensing appear as multiple images on Earth.
| Quasar | Images | Lens | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Twin Quasar | 2 | YGKOW G1 | First gravitationally lensed object discovered |
| Triple Quasar (PG 1115+080) | 4 | Originally discovered as 3 lensed images, the fourth image is faint. It was the second gravitationally lensed quasar discovered. | |
| Einstein Cross | 4 | Huchra's Lens | First Einstein Cross discovered |
| RX J1131-1231's quasar | 4 | RX J1131-1231's elliptical galaxy | RX J1131-1231 is the name of the complex, quasar, host galaxy and lensing galaxy, together. The quasar's host galaxy is also lensed into a Chwolson ring about the lensing galaxy. The four images of the quasar are embedded in the ring image. |
| Cloverleaf | 4[3] | Brightest known high-redshift source of CO emission[4] | |
| QSO B1359+154 | 6 | CLASS B1359+154 and three more galaxies | First sextuply-imaged galaxy |
| SDSS J1004+4112 | 5 | Galaxy cluster at z = 0.68 | First quasar discovered to be multiply image-lensed by a galaxy cluster and currently the third largest quasar lens with the separation between images of 15″[5][6][7] |
| SDSS J1029+2623 | 3 | Galaxy cluster at z = 0.6 | The current largest-separation quasar lens with 22.6″ separation between furthest images[8][9][10] |
| SDSS J2222+2745 | 6[11] | Galaxy cluster at z = 0.49[12] | First sextuply-lensed galaxy[11] Third quasar discovered to be lensed by a galaxy cluster.[12] Quasar located at z = 2.82[12] |
List of visual quasar associations
This is a list of double quasars, triple quasars, and the like, where quasars are close together in line-of-sight, but not physically related.
| Quasars | Count | Notes |
|---|---|---|
QSO 1548+115
|
2 | [13][14] |
| QSO 1146+111 | 8 | [15] |
| z represents redshift, a measure of recessional velocity and inferred distance due to cosmological expansion | ||
|
List of physical quasar groups
This is a list of binary quasars, trinary quasars, and the like, where quasars are physically close to each other.
| Quasars | Count | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| quasars of SDSS J0841+3921 protocluster | 4 | First quasar quartet discovered.[16][17] |
| LBQS 1429-008 (QQQ 1432-0106) | 3 | First quasar triplet discovered. It was first discovered as a binary quasar, before the third quasar was found.[18] |
QQ2345+007 (Q2345+007)
|
2 | Originally thought to be a doubly imaged quasar, but actually a quasar couplet.[19] |
| QQQ J1519+0627 | 3 | [20] |
|
Large Quasar Groups
Large quasar groups (LQGs) are bound to a filament of mass, and not directly bound to each other.
| LQG | Count | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Webster LQG (LQG 1) |
5 | First LQG discovered. At the time of its discovery, it was the largest structure known.[21][22] |
| Huge-LQG (U1.27) |
73 | The largest structure known in the observable universe, as of 2013.[23][24] |
List of quasars with apparent superluminal jet motion
This is a list of quasars with jets that appear to be superluminal due to relativistic effects and line-of-sight orientation. Such quasars are sometimes referred to as superluminal quasars.
| Quasar | Superluminality | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 3C 279 | 4c | First quasar discovered with superluminal jets[25][26][27][28][29] |
| 3C 179 | 7.6c | Fifth discovered, first with double lobes[30] |
| 3C 273 | This is also the first quasar ever identified[31] | |
| 3C 216 | ||
| 3C 345 | [31][32] | |
| 3C 380 | ||
| 4C 69.21 (Q1642+690, QSO B1642+690) |
||
| 8C 1928+738 (Q1928+738, QSO J1927+73, Quasar J192748.6+735802) |
||
| PKS 0637-752 | ||
| QSO B1642+690 |
Quasars that have a recessional velocity greater than the speed of light (c) are very common. Any quasar with z > 1 is receding faster than c, while z exactly equal to 1 indicates recession at the speed of light.[33] Early attempts to explain superluminal quasars resulted in convoluted explanations with a limit of z = 2.326, or in the extreme z < 2.4.[34] The majority of quasars lie between z = 2 and z = 5.
Firsts
| Title | Quasar | Year | Data | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First quasar discovered | 3C 48 | 1960 | first radio source for which optical identification was found, that was a star-like looking object | |
| First "star" discovered later found to be a quasar | ||||
| First radio source discovered later found to be a quasar | ||||
| First quasar identified | 3C 273 | 1962 | first radio-"star" found to be at a high redshift with a non-stellar spectrum. | |
| First radio-quiet quasar | QSO B1246+377 (BSO 1) | 1965 | The first radio-quiet quasi-stellar objects (QSO) were called Blue Stellar Objects or BSO, because they appeared like stars and were blue in color. They also had spectra and redshifts like radio-loud quasi-stellar radio-sources (QSR), so became quasars.[27][35][36] | |
| First host galaxy of a quasar discovered | 3C 48 | 1982 | ||
| First quasar found to seemingly not have a host galaxy | HE0450-2958 (Naked Quasar) | 2005 | Some disputed observations suggest a host galaxy, others do not. | |
| First multi-core quasar | PG 1302-102 | 2014 | Binary supermassive black holes within the quasar | [37][38] |
| First quasar containing a recoiling supermassive black hole | SDSS J0927+2943 | 2008 | Two optical emission line systems separated by 2650 km/s | |
| First gravitationally lensed quasar identified | Twin Quasar | 1979 | Lensed into 2 images | The lens is a galaxy known as YGKOW G1 |
| First quasar found with a jet with apparent superluminal motion | 3C 279 | 1971 | [25][26][27] | |
| First quasar found with the classic double radio-lobe structure | 3C 47 | 1964 | ||
| First quasar found to be an X-ray source | 3C 273 | 1967 | [39] | |
| First "dustless" quasar found | QSO J0303-0019 and QSO J0005-0006 | 2010 | [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] | |
| First Large Quasar Group discovered | Webster LQG (LQG 1) |
1982 | [21][22] |
Extremes
| Title | Quasar | Data | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brightest | 3C 273 | Apparent magnitude of ~12.9 | Absolute magnitude: −26.7 |
| Seemingly optically brightest | APM 08279+5255 | Seeming absolute magnitude of −32.2 | This quasar is gravitationally lensed; its actual absolute magnitude is estimated to be −30.5 |
| Most luminous | SMSS J215728.21-360215.1 | Absolute magnitude of −32.36 | Highest absolute magnitude discovered thus far. |
| Most powerful quasar radio source | 3C 273 | Also the most powerful radio source in the sky | |
| Most powerful | SMSS J215728.21-360215.1 | ||
| Most variable quasar radio source | QSO J1819+3845 (Q1817+387) | Also the most variable extrasolar radio source | |
| Least variable quasar radio source | |||
| Most variable quasar optical source | |||
| Least variable quasar optical source | |||
| Most distant | UHZ1 | z = 10.1 | Most distant quasar known as of 2023[47] |
| Most distant radio-quiet quasar | |||
| Most distant radio-loud quasar | QSO J1427+3312 | z = 6.12 | Found June 2008[48][49] |
| Most distant blazar quasar | PSO J0309+27 | z > 6 | |
| Least distant | Markarian 231 | 600 Mly | [50] inactive: IC 2497 |
| Largest Large Quasar Group | Huge-LQG (U1.27) |
73 quasars | [23][24] |
| Fastest Growing Quasar | SMSS J052915.80–435152.0 (QSO J0529-4351) | ~ 413 solar masses per year (using standard radiative efficiency); ~ 370 solar masses per year (using best-fit slim disc model) | [51][52] |
First quasars found
| Rank | Quasar | Date of discovery | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3C 273 | 1963 | [53] |
| 2 | 3C 48 | 1963 | [53] |
| 3 | 3C 47 | 1964 | [53] |
| 3 | 3C 147 | 1964 | [53] |
| 5 | CTA 102 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_quasars
