Records and firsts in spaceflight are broadly divided into crewed and uncrewed categories. Records involving animal spaceflight have also been noted in earlier experimental flights, typically to establish the feasibility of sending humans to outer space.

The notion of "firsts" in spaceflight follows a long tradition of firsts in aviation, but is also closely tied to the Space Race. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to be the first countries to accomplish various feats. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial orbital satellite. In 1961, Soviet Vostok 1 cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to enter space and orbit the Earth, and in 1969 American Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the Moon. No human has traveled beyond low Earth orbit since 1972, when the Apollo program ended.

During the 1970s, the Soviet Union directed its energies to human habitation of space stations of increasingly long durations. In the 1980s, the United States began launching its Space Shuttles, which carried larger crews and thus could increase the number of people in space at a given time. Following their first mission of détente on the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the Soviet Union and the United States again collaborated with each other on the Shuttle-Mir initiative, efforts which led to the International Space Station (ISS), which has been continuously inhabited by humans for over 20 years.

Other firsts in spaceflight involve demographics, private enterprise, and distance. Dozens of countries have sent at least one traveler to space. In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space, aboard Vostok 6. In the early 21st century, private companies joined government agencies in crewed spaceflight: in 2004, the sub-orbital spaceplane SpaceShipOne became the first privately funded crewed craft to enter space; in 2020, SpaceX's Dragon 2 became the first privately developed crewed vehicle to reach orbit when it ferried a crew to the ISS. As of 2024, the uncrewed probe Voyager 1 is the most distant artificial object from the Earth, part of a small class of vehicles that are leaving the Solar System.

First independent suborbital and orbital human spaceflight by country

Country	Mission	Crew	Spacecraft	Launch vehicle	Date	Type
USSR[1]	Vostok 1[1]	Yuri Gagarin[1]	Vostok 3KA[1]	Vostok-K[1]	12 April 1961[1]	Orbital[1]
USA[2]	Mercury-Redstone 3 (Freedom 7)[2]	Alan Shepard[2]	Mercury Spacecraft No.7[2]	Mercury-Redstone[2]	5 May 1961[2]	Sub-orbital[2]
USA[3]	Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7)[3]	John Glenn[3]	Mercury Spacecraft No.13[3]	Atlas LV-3B	20 February 1962[3]	Orbital[3]
USSR	Soyuz 18A	Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 7K-T	Soyuz 11A511	5 April 1975	Sub-orbital
Russia	Soyuz TM-14	Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksandr Kaleri, Klaus-Dietrich Flade	Soyuz-TM	Soyuz-U2	17 March 1992	Orbital
China[4]	Shenzhou 5[4]	Yang Liwei[4]	Shenzhou spacecraft[4]	Long March 2F[4]	15 October 2003[4]	Orbital[4]
Russia	Soyuz MS-10	Aleksey Ovchinin, Nick Hague	Soyuz-MS	Soyuz-FG	11 October 2018	Sub-orbital

Human spaceflight firsts

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Note: Some space records are disputed as a result of ambiguities surrounding the border of space. Most records follow the FAI definition of the space border which the FAI sets at an altitude of 100 km (62.14 mi). By contrast, the NASA-, USAF- and FAA-defined border of space is at 50 mi (80.47 km).

First	Person(s)	Mission	Country	Date
Person to reach space Person in orbit	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1[5]	USSR	12 April 1961
Person to make suborbital flight Person to land in water (splashdown) Person to manually pilot spacecraft.[6]	Alan Shepard	Freedom 7	USA	5 May 1961
Person in space for over 24 hours[7] Multiple orbits during a spaceflight	Gherman Titov	Vostok 2	USSR	6 August 1961 – 7 August 1961
Group flight[8] Adjacent orbits Spacecraft-to-spacecraft communications	Andrian Nikolayev Pavel Popovich	Vostok 3 Vostok 4	USSR	12 August 1962 – 15 August 1962
Woman in space Civilian in space and in orbit (at the time of selection)	Valentina Tereshkova	Vostok 6[9]	USSR	16 June 1963 – 19 June 1963
Spaceflight (suborbital) by winged spacecraft Civilian in space (at the time of flight)	Joe Walker	X-15 Flight 90	USA	19 July 1963
Person to enter space twice (suborbital flights above 100 kilometres (62 mi))	Joe Walker	X-15 Flights 90 and 91	USA	22 August 1963
Three-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft Human spaceflight without pressurized spacesuits	Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov	Voskhod 1[5]	USSR	12 October 1964 – 13 October 1964
Spacewalk	Alexei Leonov	Voskhod 2[5]	USSR	18 March 1965
Orbital maneuvers (change orbit)	Gus Grissom, John W. Young	Gemini 3[5]	USA	23 March 1965
Person to fly two orbital spaceflights	Gordon Cooper	Faith 7 Gemini 5	USA	15 May 1963 – 16 May 1963 21 August 1965 – 29 August 1965
Persons to spend one week in space	Gordon Cooper Pete Conrad	Gemini 5	USA	21 August 1965 – 29 August 1965
Space rendezvous (orbital maneuver and station-keeping) Four people in space at the same time	Frank Borman, Jim Lovell Walter Schirra, Thomas Stafford	Gemini 7 Gemini 6A[5]	USA	15 December 1965 – 16 December 1965
Civilian in orbit (at the time of flight)	Neil Armstrong	Gemini 8	USA	16 March 1966 – 17 March 1966
Space docking	Neil Armstrong David Scott	Gemini 8 and Agena[5]	USA	16 March 1966
Multiple (dual) rendezvous (with Agena 10, then Agena 8)[10]	John W. Young Michael Collins	Gemini 10	USA	19 July 1966 20 July 1966
Persons to exceed 1,000 km above Earth	Pete Conrad Richard F. Gordon Jr.	Gemini 11	USA	12 September 1966 – 15 September 1966
Spaceflight death (during landing)	Vladimir Komarov	Soyuz 1	USSR	23 April 1967 – 24 April 1967
Person to complete three spaceflights Person to fly three different types of spacecraft	Walter Schirra	Mercury-Atlas 8 Gemini 6A Apollo 7	USA	22 October 1968
Persons to leave low Earth orbit (LEO) Persons to enter the gravitational influence of another celestial body Persons to enter lunar orbit	Frank Borman Jim Lovell Bill Anders	Apollo 8	USA	24 December 1968 – 25 December 1968
Space docking of two crewed spacecraft Dual spacewalk Сrew transfer (Khrunov, Yeliseyev)[11]	Vladimir Shatalov Boris Volynov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov	Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5	USSR Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_spaceflight_records >Text je dostupný pod licencí Creative Commons Uveďte autora – Zachovejte licenci, případně za dalších podmínek. Podrobnosti naleznete na stránce Podmínky užití. Zdroj: Wikipedia.org - čítajte viac o List of spaceflight records Navigace: Módní doplňky > Šperkařství Šperky Chytré hodinky Galanterie Hodinářské firmy Hodinky Hodiny Módní doplňky Minerály Pokrývky hlavy Sklářství Zlatníci Zlatnictví Příbuzné výrazy : Řetízek (ozdoba) Šátek Beadweaving Bižuterie Bolo Dřevěný motýlek Deštník Digitálky Fiží Galanterie Hodinky Kšandy Kapesník Korálek Kravata Lanyard Modista Motýlek (oděvní doplněk) Odznak Pléd Placka (odznak) Rukávník Spona na kravatu Sponka do vlasů Tabulky (kolárek) Vějíř Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. Copyright.sk © 2024