Mathieu Dufour (born 28 December 1973 in Paris) is a French classical flutist. He is a former principal flutist of the Berlin Philharmonic.

Dufour began playing the flute at the age of 8. He studied under Madeleine Chassang and Maxence Larrieu at the Lyon Conservatory.^[1]

Dufour was appointed principal flute of the Orchestre National du Capitole de Toulouse in 1993, and then held the same position with the Paris Opera in 1996.^[2] He plays on a Yamaha YFL-997 flute.^[3]

Dufour was appointed principal flute of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1999 by Daniel Barenboim.^[4] He briefly left in September 2009 to play principal flute with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, though later stated he had joined them on a one-year trial basis and was able to hold positions with both orchestras.^[5] He returned to Chicago in January 2010.^[6] He joined the Berlin Philharmonic as principal flute in August 2015, replacing the retiring Andreas Blau and sharing the role with Emmanuel Pahud.^[7] He left the orchestra in December 2021 at his own request for personal reasons,^[8] and was succeeded in May 2022 by Sébastian Jacot.^[9]