Nso language - Wiki slovník

Nsọ^[2]
Nsọ
People	Nsọ
Language	Lam-Nsọ’

Nsɔ
Nsɔ
Lamnsɔ’
Native to	Cameroon
Native speakers	240,000 in Cameroon (2005)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Southern Bantoid Grassfields Ring Nsɔ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	lns
Glottolog	lamn1239

Nso (Lamnso, Lamnsɔ’) is the Grassfields language of the Nso people of western Cameroon. A few may remain in Nigeria. It has ten major noun classes.^[3] The ISO 639-3 code is lns.^[4] Nso is spoken by over 100,000 people.^[5]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Labial- velar	Glottal
		Labial	plain	sibilant	Palatal	Velar	Labial- velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	(p)	t	(t͡s)	t͡ʃ	k	k͡p	ʔ
	voiced	b	d	(d͡z)	d͡ʒ	ɡ	ɡ͡b
	prenasal vl.		ⁿt	(ⁿt͡s)	ᶮt͡ʃ	ᵑk	ᵑᵐk͡p
	prenasal vd.	ᵐb	ⁿd	(ⁿd͡z)	ᶮd͡ʒ	ᵑɡ	ᵑᵐɡ͡b
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	ʃ			(h)
	voiced	v				ɣ
	prenasal	ᶬf		ⁿs	ᶮʃ
Tap			ɾ
Approximant			l		j		w

Stop sounds /b, t, d, k, ɡ/ may have affricated phonetic variants as when occurring before /ə/. Sounds /ɣ, m/ may have variants as when in the same position.
Sounds /p/ and /h/ only occur in interjections, ideophones or loanwords.
/p, t, k/ may also have aspirated allophones in word-initial positions.
Prenasal fricative sounds /ᶬf, ⁿs, ᶮʃ/ may also have allophones as prenasal affricate sounds.
Sounds /d͡ʒ, ʃ, k, ɡ, m, ŋ/ may be labialized as when before a vowel, and occurring only in the first syllable.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	ɛ ~ e	ə	ɔ ~ o
Open		a

Vowels are lengthened as /iː, eː, əː, aː, oː, uː/.
Sounds /ɛ, ɔ/ may also be heard as close-mid in free variation.
Vowels /i, a, u/ are heard as when before /ʔ/ or nasal sounds.^[6]

Writing System

Nso uses an orthography based on the General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages (AGLC). An orthography had initially been created before being modified to follow the recommendations of the AGLC.^[7]

Nso alphabet
a	b	c	d	e	ə	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	ŋ	o	p	r	s	t	u	v	w	y	z	ʼ

Nso uses 23 digraphs ⟨bv, dz, gb, gh, gv, gw, jw, kf, kp, kw, mb, mf, mt, mv, nj, ns, nt, ny, ŋg, ŋk, ŋw, sh, ts⟩ and 7 trigraphs ⟨ghv, mbv, ndz, nsh, ŋgv, ŋgw, shw⟩. Long vowels are indicating by doubling the vowel ⟨aa, ee, əə, ii, oo, uu⟩. Diphthongs are noted ⟨ay, ey, əy, oy, uy, iy⟩.^[8]

The high tone is indicated with the acute accent and the low tone with the grave accent on the vowel.

Phrases

Beri wo. Thank you.
Wiykijuŋ. You are welcome.
A sahka? What news? (Greeting).
Sah ka yo dzə. No news (Reply) or M bo sa. I am fine.
Yirannia. Good morning.
A sahka mbuni. How did you sleep?
Aresi nia. Good afternoon.
yi ginia. Good evening.
Buni kijuŋ. Sleep well.
A ber ni kibveshi. Good bye until tomorrow.
Njemse juŋsi. Sweet dreams.
Wuna wosa. And to you.
Nyuy sævi wo. God bless you (Greeting).
Vishi vejuŋvi. Good luck.
Ghan kijuŋ. Safe journey.
Fo mo. Give me.
A du fe? Where are you going?
Yir yee dzə la? What is your name?
Yir yem dzə Lukoŋ. My name is Lukong.
A dzə wan la? Whose child are you?
M dzə wan Lukoŋ. I am Lukong's child.
Fon Nso dze la? Who is the traditional ruler of Nso?
Jiŋ yar mo. I am hungry.
Ki loŋ ki yum mo. I am thirsty.
M koŋ wo. I love you.
Marir mo. Marry me.
A du fee. Where are you going?
Laisin jaiy wom. Forgive me
M ker kibam. I have a bag
Kinga ki te'e. The grass is growing
Tsehti du šo. Shift it further away
Dze la ven . Who is this?
Kikoŋnin ki boŋ. Loving is good

Animal names

baa: leopard
jwi: dog
kan: monkey
kitam: elephant
bvèreh: lion
shishuiy: duiker
bvey: goat
njii: sheep
nyaar: buffalo
buhn: squirrel
yo: serpent
kinchiiy: cricket
taa ngam: spider
ngam: tarantula
kuurra: hyena
ngvev: chicken
kibev: he-goat
kibar: lizard
kiliim: bat

Other nouns

shuy: sun
mindzev: water
ngwa: book
nanar: pineapple
lav: house
kitukelav: roof
nsaalav: floor
shulav: door
ntah: chair
gham: rug
nton: cooking pot
bowl: (typically a small bowl)
bar: cup
nkaa: basket
sum: farm
minkkah: firewood
shishuur: pepper
chinyuu: spoon
mintanin: junction
la' cu: house of worship (church)
kitengteng: vehicle
sang: rice
kitukelav: roof
saav: file
tu': Irish potato
mbulam: sweet potato
kiku': cocoyam
kingom: banana
nyam: meat
mbang: walking stick
yiy: mom (mother)
tar: dad (father)
jemir: sister (relative)
tamir: brother (relative)
feer: relative (A general sense. Example: * M dze feer wo: I am your relative)

Tatakong:Stick insect

Adjectives

lum: hot
rə : cold
Dzer: Heavy.
Sen: Dark.
Fer: White
Shi'ir: Bitter.
Nyom: Sweet
nyaaŋ: Calm

References

^ Nsɔ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
^ Laura W. McGarrity and Robert Botne. "BETWEEN AGREEMENT AND CASE MARKING IN LAMNSO" (PDF).
^ "ISO 639 code sets". www.sil.org. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
^ paul peek. "Lamnso". Flw.com. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
^ Anderson, Stephen C. (2015). A phonological sketch of Lamnso'. Yaoundé: SIL.
^ "Orthography and identity in Cameroon | Cameroon". www.silcam.org.
^ Banyee 2015.

Bibliography

Banyee, William (25 November 2015). "Spelling and pronunciation in Lamso". The Nso heritage. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
McGarrity, Laura and Botne, Robert (2001). Between Agreement and Case Marking in Lamnso. IUWPL 3: Explorations in African Linguistics: From Lamnso' to Sesotho (2001), edited by Robert Botne and Rose Vondrasek, pp. 53–70. Bloomington, IN: Noun classes and categorization: Proceedings of a symposium on categorization and noun classification, Eugene, Oregon, October 1983. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.

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[e18-1] Nsɔ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[BlenchAtlas4-2] Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.

[3] Laura W. McGarrity and Robert Botne. "BETWEEN AGREEMENT AND CASE MARKING IN LAMNSO" (PDF).

[4] "ISO 639 code sets". www.sil.org. Retrieved 2017-06-21.

[5] ul peek. "Lamnso". Flw.com. Retrieved 2011-10-21.

[6] Anderson, Stephen C. (2015). A phonological sketch of Lamnso'. Yaoundé: SIL.

[7] "Orthography and identity in Cameroon | Cameroon". www.silcam.org.

[FOOTNOTEBanyee2015-8] Banyee 2015.

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v t e Languages of Cameroon
Official languages	French English
Major languages	Bamum Bulu Duala Ewondo Fulfulde Kom Lamnso Medumba
Pidgins	Cameroonian Pidgin English Camfranglais Ewondo Populaire Arabic
Indigenous languages	Chadian Arabic Abon Afade Aghem Ambo Babanki Bafaw-Balong Bafia Baka Baldemu Bamali Bambalang Bana Bangolan Bankon Basaa Bata Bati Batu Bebele Bebil Beti Bikya Bishuo Bitare Bomwali Bonkeng Bube Bung Buwal Byep Caka Ceve Chamba Leko Cuvok Daba Dowayo Ɗugwor Duli Eman Esimbi Eton Evant Fa’ Fang Fanji Fe'fe' Fut Gawar Gbanu Gbanzili Ghomala' Gidar Glavda Gude Gunu Gvoko Hausa Hdi Hijuk Hina Hya Ipulo Iyive Jimi Jina Kaalong Kabba Kako Kali Kanuri Kare Kasabe Kera Ki Kogo Kol Koma Kpwe Kuo Kutin Kwa’ Kwakum Kwasio La'bi Lagwan Limba Limbum Luo Maɗa Mafa Majera Makaa Malgbe Manenguba Mangbai Manza Maslam Massa Matal Mazagway Mbə’ Mboa Mbudum Mbuko Mbule Mbum Mefele Məgaka Mengisa Menyam Merey Mesaka Mfumte Mofu-Gudur Moloko Mono Mpade Mpumpong Mser Mundang Mungaka Musgu Muyang Nagumi Nda’nda’ Ndai Nen Nga'ka Ngambay Ngiemboon Ngomba Ngombale Ngwe Nimbari Njem Njerep Nkongho Noho Noni North Giziga North Mofu Northwest Gbaya Nyokon Nyong Nzakambay Nzanyi Nzime Oblo Oroko Otank Pam Papia Parkwa Pinyin Pol Pongo Psikyɛ Rombi Sharwa South Giziga Suwu Swo Tibea Tikar To Tsuvan Tupuri Vame Vemgo-Mabas Vengo Vere Voko Wom Wuzlam Yamba Yambe Yasa Yedina Yemba Yeni Zizilivakan Zulgo-Gemzek Zumaya
Sign languages	Francophone African Sign Language Maroua Sign Language
Immigrant languages	English French Punjabi Spanish German Italian Hindi Hebrew Arabic Chinese Portuguese Japanese Russian Danish Dutch
See also: General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages

Nsɔ
Lamnsɔ’
Native to	Cameroon
Native speakers	240,000 in Cameroon (2005)^[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Southern Bantoid Grassfields Ring Nsɔ
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`lns`
Glottolog	`lamn1239`