A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
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 various Raspberry Pi computers | |
| Also known as | RPi, Raspi |
|---|---|
| Type | Single-board computer |
| Release date | 29 February 2012 |
| Operating system | Linux (incl Raspberry Pi OS) FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD Plan 9 RISC OS Windows 10 Windows 10 IoT Core[1] QNX and OS-less Embedded RTL's[clarification needed]. |
| Storage | MicroSDXC slot, USB mass storage device for booting[2] |
| Website | www |
Raspberry Pi (/paɪ/) is a series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom. The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned toward the promotion of teaching basic computer science in schools.[3][4][5] The original model became more popular than anticipated,[6] selling outside its target market for diverse uses such as robotics, home and industrial automation, and by computer and electronic hobbyists, because of its low cost, modularity, open design, and its adoption of the HDMI and USB standards.
The Raspberry Pi became the best-selling British computer in 2015, when it surpassed the ZX Spectrum in unit sales.[7]
Origins and company history
The Raspberry Pi Foundation was registered in 2008 as a charity[8] and a private company limited by guarantee,[9] by people at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory who had noticed a decline in the number and skills of young people applying for computer science courses.[10]
In 2012, after the release of the second board type, the Raspberry Pi Foundation set up a new entity responsible for developing their computers, named Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd,[11] and installed Eben Upton (one of the 2008 group) as CEO.[12] The Foundation was rededicated as an educational charity for promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries.
In 2021, Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd changed its name to Raspberry Pi Ltd.[11][13] It became a public company in June 2024, launching on the London Stock Exchange where it trades with the stock symbol RPI.[14][15][16][17]
Most Raspberry Pis are made in a Sony factory in Pencoed, Wales,[18] while others are made in China and Japan.[19][20]
Series and generations
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There are three series of Raspberry Pi, and several generations of each have been released. Raspberry Pi SBCs feature a Broadcom system on a chip (SoC) with an integrated ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU) and on-chip graphics processing unit (GPU), while Raspberry Pi Pico has a RP2040 system on chip with an integrated ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU).
Raspberry Pi
- The first-generation Raspberry Pi Model B was released in February 2012, followed by the simpler and cheaper Model A.
- Raspberry Pi Model B+, an improved design, was released in 2014. These first-generation boards feature ARM11 processors, are approximately credit-card sized, and represent the standard mainline form factor. The A+ and an improved B model were released within a year. A "Compute Module" was released in April 2014 for embedded applications.
- The Raspberry Pi 2 B was released in February 2015 and initially featured a 900 MHz 32-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor with 1 GB RAM. Revision 1.2 features a 900 MHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor (the same as that in the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, but underclocked to 900 MHz).[21]
- The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B was released in February 2016 with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, on-board 802.11n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and USB boot capabilities.[22]
- The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ was launched on Pi Day 2018 with a faster 1.4 GHz processor, a three-times faster Gigabit Ethernet (throughput limited to ca. 300 Mbit/s by the internal USB 2.0 connection), and 2.4 / 5 GHz dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi (100 Mbit/s).[23] Other features are Power over Ethernet (PoE) (with the add-on PoE HAT), USB boot and network boot (an SD card is no longer required).
- The Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ was launched in November 2018 as a similar board to the first Model A. It has a 1.4 GHz 64-bit quad-core processor, with 2.4 GHz dual-band and 5 GHz wireless LAN & Bluetooth 4.2. It also has a 40-pin GPIO header, 512 MB of DDR2 RAM, is powered by 5V of DC power via microUSB. A full-size HDMI port is used for connectivity, and two USB 2.0 ports are on the board.
- The Raspberry Pi 4 Models A and B were released in June 2019[24] with a 1.5 GHz 64-bit quad core ARM Cortex-A72 processor, on-board 802.11ac Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5, full gigabit Ethernet (throughput not limited), two USB 2.0 ports, two USB 3.0 ports, 1, 2, 4, or 8 GB of RAM, and dual-monitor support via a pair of micro HDMI (HDMI Type D) ports for up to 4K resolution. The version with 1 GB RAM has been abandoned and the prices of the 2 GB version have been reduced. The 8 GB version has a revised circuit board. The Raspberry Pi 4 is also powered via a USB-C port, enabling additional power to be provided to downstream peripherals, when used with an appropriate PSU. But the Pi can only be operated with 5 volts and not 9 or 12 volts like other mini computers of this class. The initial Raspberry Pi 4 board had a design flaw where third-party e-marked USB cables, such as those used on MacBooks, incorrectly identify it and refuse to provide power.[25][26] Tom's Hardware tested 14 different cables and found that 11 of them turned on and powered the Pi without issue.[27] The design flaw was fixed in revision 1.2 of the board, released in late 2019.[28] In mid-2021, Pi 4 B models appeared with the improved Broadcom BCM2711C0. The manufacturer is now using this chip for the Pi 4 B and Pi 400. However, the clock frequency of the Pi 4 B was not increased in the factory.
- The Raspberry Pi 400 was released in November 2020. A modern example of a keyboard computer, it features 4 GB of LPDDR4 RAM on a custom board derived from the existing Raspberry Pi 4 combined with a keyboard in a single case. The case was derived from that of the Raspberry Pi Keyboard.[29] A robust cooling solution (i.e. a broad metal plate) and an upgraded switched-mode power supply[30] allow the Raspberry Pi 400's Broadcom BCM2711C0 processor to be clocked at 1.8 GHz, which is 20% faster than the Raspberry Pi 4 upon which it is based.[31]
- The Raspberry Pi 5 was announced on September 28, 2023.[32] Improvements in hardware and software reportedly make the Pi 5 more than twice as powerful as the Pi 4.[33] It comes with an I/O-controller designed in-house, a power button, and an RTC chip, among other things. The RTC chip needs a battery, which can be purchased, but it saves a Pi user the cost of the chip. Unlike the Pi 4, it was released with either 4 or 8 GB of RAM. The 4 GB model costs US$60 and the 8 GB model costs US$80. An important thing to note is that it lacks a 3.5 mm audio/video jack. Users can use Bluetooth, HDMI, USB audio or an Audio HAT if they want to hear sound out of the Pi 5.
Raspberry Pi Zero
- The Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and reduced input/output (I/O) and general-purpose input/output (GPIO) capabilities was released in November 2015 for US$5.
- The Raspberry Pi Zero v1.3 was released in May 2016, which added a camera connector.[34]
- The Raspberry Pi Zero W was launched in February 2017, a version of the Zero with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, for US$10.[35][36]
- The Raspberry Pi Zero WH was launched in January 2018, a version of the Zero W with pre-soldered GPIO headers.[37]
- The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W was launched in October 2021, a version of the Zero W with a system in a package (SiP) designed by Raspberry Pi and based on the Raspberry Pi 3.[38] In contrast to the older Zero models, the Pi Zero 2 W is 64-bit capable. The price is around US$15.
Raspberry Pi Pico
- Raspberry Pi Pico was released in January 2021 with a retail price of $4.[39] It was Raspberry Pi's first board based upon a single microcontroller chip; the RP2040, which was designed by Raspberry Pi in the UK.[40] The Pico has 264 KB of RAM and 2 MB of flash memory. It is programmable in C, C++, Assembly, MicroPython, CircuitPython and Rust. Raspberry Pi has partnered with Adafruit, Pimoroni, Arduino and SparkFun to build accessories for Raspberry Pi Pico and variety of other boards using RP2040 Silicon Platform.[41] Rather than perform the role of general purpose computer (like the others in the range) it is designed for physical computing, similar in concept to an Arduino.[42]
- The Raspberry Pi Pico W was launched in June 2022, a version of the Pico with 802.11n Wi-Fi capability, for US$6. The CYW43439 wireless chip in the Pico W also supports Bluetooth, but the capability was not enabled at launch.[43]
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