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Solitary sandpiper | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Charadriiformes |
Family: | Scolopacidae |
Genus: | Tringa |
Species: | T. solitaria
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Binomial name | |
Tringa solitaria Wilson, 1813
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Synonyms | |
Helodromas solitarius |
The solitary sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) is a small shorebird. The genus name Tringa is the Neo-Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek trungas, a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific solitaria is Latin for "solitary" from solus, "alone".[2]
Description
This species measures 18–23 cm (7.1–9.1 in) long, with a wingspan up to 50 cm (20 in) and a body mass of 31–65 g (1.1–2.3 oz).[3][4] It is a dumpy wader with a dark green back, greyish head and breast and otherwise white underparts. It is obvious in flight, with wings dark above and below, and a dark rump and tail centre. The latter feature distinguishes it from the slightly larger and broader-winged, but otherwise very similar, green sandpiper (T. ochropus) of Europe and Asia, to which it is closely related.[5] The latter species has a brilliant white rump. In flight, the solitary sandpiper has a characteristic three-note whistle. They both have brown wings with little light dots, and a delicate but contrasting neck and chest pattern. In addition, both species nest in trees, unlike most other scolopacids.
Distribution and habitat
It breeds in woodlands across Alaska and Canada. It is a migratory bird, wintering in Central and South America, especially in the Amazon River basin, and the Caribbean. It is a very rare vagrant to western Europe, and goes there in the summer–autumn period.
Subspecies
The solitary sandpiper is split into two subspecies:
- T. s. cinnamomea, (Brewster, 1890): breeds in Alaska & western Canada
- T. s. solitaria, (Wilson, 1813): breeds from eastern British Columbia to Labrador
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Solitary_Sandpiper%2C_Petrie_Island.jpg/220px-Solitary_Sandpiper%2C_Petrie_Island.jpg)
Behaviour
As its name indicates, the solitary sandpiper is not a gregarious species, usually seen alone during migration, although sometimes small numbers congregate in suitable feeding areas. The solitary sandpiper is very much a bird of fresh water, and is often found in sites, such as ditches, too restricted for other waders, which tend to like a clear all-round view.
Breeding
The sandpiper lays a clutch of 3–5 eggs in abandoned tree nests of songbird species, such as those of thrushes. The young birds are encouraged to drop to the ground soon after hatching.[6]
Feeding
Food is small invertebrates: insects (such as mosquito larvae, young midges, grasshoppers, caterpillars and beetles), small crustaceans and molluscs (such as snails extracted from their shells),[7] sometimes small frogs (primarily as tadpoles),[8] picked off the mud as the bird works steadily around the edges of its chosen pond.
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Tringa solitaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22693239A130186218. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693239A130186218.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 359, 390. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Solitary sandpiper at All about birds
- ^ CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
- ^ Pereira, Sérgio Luiz; Baker, Allan J. (2005). "Multiple Gene Evidence for Parallel Evolution and Retention of Ancestral Morphological States in the Shanks (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae)". The Condor. 107 (3): 514. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0514:MGEFPE]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0010-5422.
- ^ Federation of Alberta Naturalists. (1992) Glen P. Semenchuk (ed.). The Atlas of Breeding Birds of Alberta. Edmonton, AB:Federation of Alberta Naturalists.
- ^ "Tringa solitaria (Solitary sandpiper)". Animal Diversity Web.
- ^ "Tringa solitaria (Solitary sandpiper)". Animal Diversity Web.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png)
- Solitary sandpiper - Tringa solitaria - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- Solitary sandpiper species account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- "Tringa solitaria". Avibase.
- "Solitary sandpiper media". Internet Bird Collection.
- Solitary sandpiper photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- Interactive range map of Tringa solitaria at IUCN Red List maps
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Conservation status
Least Concern
IUCN Red List
Taxonomy (biology)
Template:Taxonomy/Tringa
Eukaryote
Animal
Chordate
Bird
Charadriiformes
Sandpiper
Tringa
Binomial nomenclature
Alexander Wilson (ornithologist)
File:Tringa solitaria map.svg
Synonym (taxonomy)
Wader
Neo-Latin
Green sandpiper
Ulisse Aldrovandi
Ancient Greek
Aristotle
Latin
Wader
Green sandpiper
Europe
Asia
Scolopacidae
Alaska
Canada
Bird migration
Bird
Central America
South America
Amazon River
Caribbean
Europe
Subspecies
William Brewster (ornithologist)
Alaska
Canada
Alexander Wilson (ornithologist)
British Columbia
Labrador
File:Solitary Sandpiper, Petrie Island.jpg
Bird migration
Songbird
Thrush (bird)
Invertebrate
Insect
Mosquito
Larva
Midge
Grasshopper
Caterpillar
Beetle
Crustacean
Mollusc
Snail
Frog
Tadpole
IUCN Red List
Doi (identifier)
ISBN (identifier)
Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-2501-4
ISBN (identifier)
Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-4258-5
The Condor (journal)
Doi (identifier)
ISSN (identifier)
Animal Diversity Web
Animal Diversity Web
Category:Tringa solitaria
Wikispecies
Tringa solitaria
Q836304#P2026
Internet Bird Collection
Template:Scolopacidae
Template talk:Scolopacidae
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Sandpiper
Family (biology)
Animal
Chordate
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Charadriiformes
Upland sandpiper
Curlew
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Eskimo curlew
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