1993 Spanish general election

← 1989 6 June 1993 1996 →
All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 256) seats in the Senate 176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
Opinion polls
Registered	31,030,511 4.8%
Turnout	23,718,816 (76.4%) 6.7 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Felipe González José María Aznar Julio Anguita Party PSOE PP IU Leader since 28 September 1979 4 September 1989 12 February 1989 Leader's seat Madrid Madrid Madrid Last election 177 seats, 40.1%[a] 107 seats, 25.8% 17 seats, 9.1% Seats won 159 141 18 Seat change 18 34 1 Popular vote 9,150,083 8,201,463 2,253,722 Percentage 38.8% 34.8% 9.6% Swing 1.3 pp 9.0 pp 0.5 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Miquel Roca Iñaki Anasagasti Luis Mardones Party CiU EAJ/PNV CC Leader since 4 July 1982 1986 18 April 1986 Leader's seat Barcelona Biscay Santa Cruz de Tenerife Last election 18 seats, 5.0% 5 seats, 1.2% 1 seats, 0.3% Seats won 17 5 4 Seat change 1 0 3 Popular vote 1,165,783 291,448 207,077 Percentage 4.9% 1.2% 0.9% Swing 0.1 pp 0.0 pp 0.6 pp
Election results by Congress of Deputies constituency
Prime Minister before election Felipe González PSOE Prime Minister after election Felipe González PSOE

The 1993 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 6 June 1993, to elect the 5th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 256 seats in the Senate.

The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party under Felipe González achieved the largest number of votes and seats for the fourth consecutive time, though it lost the absolute majority it had held in both chambers of the Cortes since 1982. In contrast, José María Aznar's People's Party won a large share of the vote, thus increasing their seats in both the Congress and the Senate and consolidating its position as the main opposition party. For the first time since 1979, the election brought in a hung parliament, forcing the governing PSOE to seek the support of nationalist groups in order to renew its mandate and secure a fourth term in government.

In the aftermath of the election, the PSOE saw itself under increased pressure due both to political instability as a result of its low majority (relying on increasingly unstable pacts with Convergence and Union to pass its legislation) and of the uncovering of numerous cases of corruption within the government itself. The pact with CiU would end in the fall of 1995, forcing González to call early elections 15 months before their scheduled date, which would see the opposition People's Party win for the first time.

Overview

Electoral system

The Spanish Cortes Generales were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a few exclusive (yet limited in number) functions—such as its role in constitutional amendment—which were not subject to the Congress' override.^[1][2] Voting for the Cortes Generales was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting.^[1][3] The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.^[4]

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:^[5]

For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.^[1][3]

Election date

The term of each chamber of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication. The previous election was held on 29 October 1989, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 29 October 1993. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 5 October 1993, with the election taking place on the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Cortes Generales on Saturday, 4 December 1993.^[3][6]

The prime minister had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.^[1] Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of 2023 there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.

The Cortes Generales were officially dissolved on 13 April 1993 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting the election date for 6 June and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 29 June.^[5]

Parliamentary composition

The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.^[7][8]

Parliamentary composition in April 1993[9] Congress of Deputies Groups Parties Deputies Seats Total Socialist Group of the Congress PSOE 155 175 PSC 20 People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress PP 104 106 UPN 2 Catalan Parliamentary Group (Convergence and Union) CDC 13 18 UDC 5 United Left–Initiative for Catalonia Parliamentary Group IU 14 17 IC 3 CDS Parliamentary Group CDS 12 12 Basque Parliamentary Group (PNV) EAJ/PNV 5 5 Mixed Parliamentary Group HB 4 17 PA 2 UV 2 EA 2 EE 1 EuE 1 PAR 1 AIC 1 INDEP 3[b]

Parliamentary composition in April 1993[10] Senate Groups Parties Senators Seats Total Socialist Parliamentary Group PSOE 120 128 PSC 8 People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate PP 88 91 UPN 2 UM Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=1993_Spanish_general_election >Text je dostupný pod licencí Creative Commons Uveďte autora – Zachovejte licenci, případně za dalších podmínek. Podrobnosti naleznete na stránce Podmínky užití. Zdroj: Wikipedia.org - čítajte viac o 1993 Spanish general election Navigace: Módní doplňky > Šperkařství Šperky Chytré hodinky Galanterie Hodinářské firmy Hodinky Hodiny Módní doplňky Minerály Pokrývky hlavy Sklářství Zlatníci Zlatnictví Příbuzné výrazy : Řetízek (ozdoba) Šátek Beadweaving Bižuterie Bolo Dřevěný motýlek Deštník Digitálky Fiží Galanterie Hodinky Kšandy Kapesník Korálek Kravata Lanyard Modista Motýlek (oděvní doplněk) Odznak Pléd Placka (odznak) Rukávník Spona na kravatu Sponka do vlasů Tabulky (kolárek) Vějíř Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. Copyright.sk © 2024