Energy in Croatia describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Croatia.

As of 2021, Croatia imported about 52.9% of the total energy consumed annually: 80% of its oil demand, 67% of its gas, 32.5% of its electricity and 100% of its coal needs.^[1]

Croatia satisfies its electricity needs largely from hydro and thermal power plants, and partly from the Krško nuclear power plant, which is co-owned by Croatian and Slovenian state-owned power companies. Renewable energies account for approximately 28.5% of Croatia's energy mix.^[1]

Electricity

Hrvatska elektroprivreda (HEP) is the national energy company charged with production, transmission and distribution of electricity.

Production

At the end of 2021, the total available power of power plants on the territory of the Republic of Croatia was 4,872.9 MW, of which 1,547.2 MW in thermal power plants, 2,200.5 MW in hydropower plants, 986.9 MW in wind power plants and 138.3 MW in solar power plants. For the needs of the electric power system of the Republic of Croatia, 348 MW from NPP Krško is also used (ie 50% of the total available power of the power plant in accordance with the ownership shares).^[2]

The total production of electricity in the Republic of Croatia in 2021 was 15,210.4 GWh, whereby 69.9 percent (10,628.9 GWh) was produced from renewable energy sources, including large hydropower plants. In this percentage, large hydropower plants participated with 46.8 percent (7,113.5 GWh), and 23.1 percent (3,515.4 GWh) of electricity was produced from other renewable sources (wind energy, small hydropower plants, biomass, geothermal energy, biogas and photovoltaic systems). Domestic electricity production covered 79.3 percent (15,202.9 GWh) of electricity needs, which in 2021 amounted to 19,171.4 GWh. The import of electricity in 2021 amounted to 6,700.0 GWh, which is 34.9 percent of the total realized consumption. The export of electricity amounted to 2,739.0 GWh, which is 18.0 percent of the total domestic electricity production (15,210.4 GWh).^[3]

Hydropower

Croatia has 28 hydropower plants of which 2 are reversible, 2 small size and 1 pumped storage. They are distributed in three production areas: North, West and South with one independent plant, and are HEP's most important source of renewable energy.^[4]

Wind energy

Most of Croatian wind energy is produced by companies in private ownership for difference of other types of energy production. Out of 25 wind firms only one is owned by HEP (VE Korlat) while others are mainly individually owned.^[5]

Thermal energy

There are 7 thermal power plants of which 4 are also heating plants and one is combined cycle power plant.^[9] Additionally, the first geothermal power plant was opened in 2019, but there are projects and potential for new ones.^[10]

Bioenergy

Five biopower plants are now located in Croatia and they are also used for heating purposes.^{[11][12][13][14]}

Nuclear energy

Croatia has no nuclear power plants on its territory, but co-owns the Krško Nuclear Power Plant together with Slovenia. The Krško plant was built in the era of Yugoslavia on the territory of present-day Slovenia. Planned decommissioning is by 2043.^[15]

Nuclear power plants
Name	Fuel	Production capacity (MW)	Commissioned
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