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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Map_of_the_Hungarian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Hungarian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/MagyarsOutsideHungary.png/300px-MagyarsOutsideHungary.png)
The Hungarian diaspora (Hungarian: magyar diaszpóra) comprises the total ethnic Hungarian population located outside current-day Hungary.
There are two main groups of the diaspora. The first group includes those who are autochthonous to their homeland and live outside Hungary since the border changes of the post-World War I Treaty of Trianon of 1920.[2][note 1] The victorious forces redrew the borders of Hungary so that it runs through Hungarian-majority areas. As a consequence, 3.3 million Hungarians found themselves outside the new borders. Although those Hungarians are usually not included in the term "Hungarian diaspora",[3] they are listed as such in this article. The other main group is the emigrants who left Hungary at various times (such as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956). There has been some emigration since Hungary joined the EU in 2004, especially to countries such as Germany,[4] but those patterns have been less extensive than for certain other countries of Central Europe such as Poland and Slovakia.
Additionally, there is the Magyarab people, a small ethnic group located in Egypt and Sudan.[5]
Distribution by country
Country | Hungarian population | Note | Article |
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Neighboring countries | |||
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1,002,151 (2021)[6] (excluding Csángós)[7] | Native to Transylvania,[8] Csángós in Western Moldavia (moved from Transylvania there in the past), and a very small community of Szeklers also in Bukovina (see also Székelys of Bukovina) | Hungarians in Romania |
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456,154 (2021)[9] | Autochthonous[10] | Hungarians in Slovakia |
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184,442 (2021)[11] | Autochthonous in Vojvodina | Hungarians in Serbia |
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156,600 (2001)[12] | Autochthonous in Zakarpattia Oblast | Hungarians in Ukraine |
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107,347 (2024)[13] | Autochthonous in Burgenland | Hungarians in Austria |
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10,315 (2021)[14] | Autochthonous in Croatia, except in Istria and Dalmatia | Hungarians in Croatia |
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10,500 (2021)[15] | Autochthonous in Prekmurje | Hungarians in Slovenia |
Other countries | |||
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1,563,081 (2006)[16] | Immigrants | Hungarian Americans |
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348,085 (2016)[17] | Immigrants | Hungarian Canadians |
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296,000 (2021)[18] | Immigrants | Hungarians in Germany |
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200,000 to 250,000 (2000s)[19] | Immigrants; most are Hungarian Jews | |
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200,000 to 250,000 (2020)[20][21] | Immigrants | Hungarians in the United Kingdom |
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200,000 to 250,000 (2021)[22][23] | Immigrants | Hungarians in France |
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80,000 (2002)[24] | Immigrants | Hungarian Brazilians |
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76,500 (2002) | Immigrants | Hungarians in Russia |
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69,167 (2011)[25] | Immigrants | Hungarian Australians |
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40,000 to 50,000 (2016)[26] | Immigrants | Hungarian Argentines |
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33,018 (2018)[27] | Immigrants | Hungarians in Sweden |
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27,000 (2019)[28] | Immigrants | |
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26,172 (2020)[29] | Immigrants | |
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20,000 (2013)[30] | People of Hungarian descent forcibly relocated from the Slovak part of the Third Czechoslovak Republic | |
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15,000 (2013)[30] | Immigrants | |
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14,000 (2019)[28] | Immigrants | |
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10,000 (2019)[28] | Immigrants | |
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9,000 (2019)[28] | Immigrants | |
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8,316 (2015)[31] | Immigrants | |
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7,000 (2013)[30] | Immigrants | Hungarian New Zealanders |
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6,800 (2001) | Immigrants | Hungarians in Turkey |
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6,000 (2019)[28] | Immigrants | |
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5,600 (2022)[28] | Immigrants | |
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4,000[citation needed] | Immigrants | |
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4,000 (2013)[30] | Immigrants | |
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4,000 (2013)[30] | Immigrants | Hungarian Venezuelans |
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3,500 (2006) | Immigrants | Hungarian Mexicans |
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3,000 (2019)[28] | Immigrants | Hungarians in Finland |
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3,000 (2013)[30] | Immigrants | Hungarian Uruguayans |
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2,387 (2018)[21] | Immigrants | |
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2,000 (2012)[32] | Immigrants | Hungarians in Chile |
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2,000 (2019)[28] | Immigrants | |
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1,728 (2011)[33] | Immigrants | Hungarians in Poland |
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1,230 (2022)[34] | Foreign citizens only; for instance, excludes 79 Luso-Hungarians who have acquired Portuguese citizenship since 2008[35] | |
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1,000 (2019)[28] | Immigrants | |
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620 (2018)[21] | Immigrants | |
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500 (2021)[36] | Immigrants | |
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400[citation needed] | Immigrants | |
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300[citation needed] | Immigrants | |
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300[citation needed] | Immigrants | |
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206 (2010)[37] | Immigrants | |
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200 (2015)[31] | Immigrants | |
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200[citation needed] | Immigrants | |
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173 (2018)[21] | Immigrants | |
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153 (2015)[31] | Immigrants | |
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100 (2015)[38] | Immigrants | |
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44 (2015)[31] | Immigrants | |
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23 (2015)[31] | Immigrants | |
Total | 5.2–5.5 million | Hungarians |
Hungarian immigration patterns to Western Europe increased in the 1990s and especially since 2004, after Hungary's admission in the European Union. Thousands of Hungarians from Hungary sought available work through guest-worker contracts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Spain, and Portugal.
Hungarian citizenship
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/220px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png)
A proposal supported by the DAHR to grant Hungarian citizenship to Hungarians living in Romania but without meeting Hungarian-law residency requirements was narrowly defeated at a 2004 referendum in Hungary.[39] The referendum was invalid because of not enough participants. After the failure of the 2004 referendum, the leaders of the Hungarian ethnic parties in the neighboring countries formed the HTMSZF organization in January 2005, as an instrument lobbying for preferential treatment in the granting of Hungarian citizenship.[40]
In 2010, some amendments were passed in Hungarian law facilitating an accelerated naturalization process for ethnic Hungarians living abroad; among other changes, the residency-in-Hungary requirement was waived.[41] In May 2010, Slovakia announced it would strip Slovak citizenship from anyone applying for Hungarian citizenship.[42] Romania's President Traian Băsescu declared in October 2010: "We have no objections to the adoption by the Hungarian government and parliament of a law making it easier to grant Hungarian citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living abroad."[43]
The new citizenship law took effect on 1 January 2011. It did not grant the right to vote, even in national elections, to Hungarian citizens unless they also resided in Hungary on a permanent basis.[44] In February 2011, the Fidesz government announced that it intended to grant the right to vote to its new citizens.[45] Between 2011 and 2012, 200,000 applicants took advantage of the new, accelerated naturalization process;[46] there were another 100,000 applications pending in the summer of 2012.[47] As of February 2013, the Hungarian government had granted citizenship to almost 400,000 Hungarians ‘beyond the borders’.[48] In June 2013, Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjén announced that he expected the number to reach about half a million by the end of the year.[49]
Hungarian citizens abroad have been able to participate in the parliamentary elections without Hungarian residency starting from the 2014 Hungarian parliamentary election, however, they cannot vote for a candidate running for the seat in a single-seat constituency, but for a party list.
Famous people of Hungarian descent
Country | Name | Occupation | Source |
---|---|---|---|
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Ferenc Anisits | Engineer | |
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Albert-László Barabási | Physicist and discoverer of scale-free networks | |
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Drew Barrymore | Actress | [50][51] |
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Béla Barényi | Engineer and prolific inventor | |
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Josef von Báky | Film director | |
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Béla Bartók | Composer | |
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Zoltán Bay | Physicist and engineer | |
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György von Békésy | Biophysicist and Nobel Prize winner | |
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Pal Benko | Chess player and a record eight-time U.S. Open winner | |
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Adrien Brody | Actor and youngest winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor | [52] |
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György Buzsáki[53] | Neuroscientist | |
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Mihály Csíkszentmihályi | Psychologist of flow | |
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Larry Csonka | American football fullback | |
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Tony Curtis | Actor | [54][55] |
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György Cziffra | Pianist | |
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Louis C.K. | Comedian | [56] |
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Rodney Dangerfield | Comedian | [57] |
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Frank Darabont | Film director and screenplay writer | |
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Ernst von Dohnányi | Composer, pianist, and conductor | |
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Bobby Fischer | Chess player | |
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Ferenc Fricsay | Conductor | |
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Stephen Fry | Comedian | [58] |
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Zsa Zsa Gabor | Actress | [59] |
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Peter Carl Goldmark | Engineer and inventor | |
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Andrew Grove | Businessman and entrepreneur | |
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Mickey Hargitay | Actor, body builder, and 1955 Mr. Universe | |
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Harry Houdini | Escapologist and magician | |
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Tim Howard | Soccer goalkeeper | |
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George de Hevesy | Radiochemist and co-discoverer of hafnium | [60] |
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Katalin Karikó | Biochemist and Nobel Prize winner | |
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John George Kemeny | Mathematician, computer scientist, and co-developer of BASIC | [61] |
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Laszlo B. Kish | Physicist | |
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George Klein | Microbiologist and author | |
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Ferenc Krausz | Physicist and Nobel Prize winner | |
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Alexandre Lamfalussy | Economist | |
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Philipp Lenard | Physicist and Nobel Prize winner | |
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Bela Lugosi | Actor | |
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Luis Mandoki | Film director | |
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Ilona Massey | Actress | |
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Paul Neményi | Physicist and mathematician | [62] |
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John von Neumann | Mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, and polymath | [63][64] |
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Thomas Peterffy | Businessman and founder of Interactive Brokers | |
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Joaquin Phoenix | Actor | [65] |
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Joseph Pulitzer | Journalist | [66] |
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Árpád Pusztai | Biochemist | |
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Ľudovít Rajter | Conductor | |
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Nicolas Sarkozy | 23rd President of France | [67] |
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Franz Schmidt | Composer | |
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Jerry Seinfeld | Comedian, actor, writer, and producer | [68] |
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Monica Seles | Tennis player | |
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Gene Simmons | Musician | [69] |
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Hans Selye | Endocrinologist | |
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Charles Simonyi | Software architect | |
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Victor Szebehely | Astronomist and physicist | |
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Albert Szent-Györgyi | Biochemist and Nobel Prize winner | |
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Leó Szilárd | Physicist and inventor | [70] |
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Mária Telkes | Biophysicist and inventor |