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Irvington, New Jersey
 

Irvington, New Jersey
Township
Morrell High School
Morrell High School
Official seal of Irvington, New Jersey
Logo
Map
Interactive map of Irvington
Irvington is located in Essex County, New Jersey
Irvington
Irvington
Location in Essex County
Irvington is located in New Jersey
Irvington
Irvington
Location in New Jersey
Irvington is located in the United States
Irvington
Irvington
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40°43′26″N 74°13′57″W / 40.723859°N 74.232522°W / 40.723859; -74.232522[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyEssex
IncorporatedMarch 27, 1874
Named forWashington Irving
Government
[7]
 • TypeFaulkner Act (mayor–council)
 • BodyTownship Council
 • MayorTony Vauss (term ends June 30, 2026)[3][4]
 • Business AdministratorMusa A. Malik[5]
 • Municipal ClerkHarold E. Wiener[6]
Area
[1]
 • Total2.92 sq mi (7.55 km2)
 • Land2.91 sq mi (7.55 km2)
 • Water<0.01 sq mi (0.01 km2)  0.07%
 • Rank338th of 565 in state
16th of 22 in county[1]
Elevation
[8]
128 ft (39 m)
Population
 (2020)[9][10]
 • Total61,176
 • Estimate 
(2023)[9][11]
59,925
 • Rank24th of 565 in state
3rd of 22 in county[12]
 • Density20,993.8/sq mi (8,105.8/km2)
  • Rank9th of 565 in state
1st of 22 in county[12]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07111[13]
Area code(s)973[14]
FIPS code3401334450[1][15][16]
GNIS feature ID0877363[1][17]
Websitewww.irvington.net

Irvington is a township in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 61,176,[9][10] an increase of 7,250 (+13.4%) from the 2010 census count of 53,926,[18][19] which in turn reflected a decline of 6,769 (−11.2%) from the 60,695 counted in the 2000 census.[20][21]

The township had the ninth-highest property tax rate in New Jersey in 2020, with an equalized rate of 4.890% in 2020, compared to 2.824% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%.[22]

History

Clinton Township, which included what is now Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark and South Orange, was created on April 14, 1834.[23] The area was known as Camptown until the mid-1800s.[24] In 1850, after Stephen Foster published his ballad, Camptown Races, residents were concerned that the activities described in the song would be associated with their community. The town was renamed, Irvingtown, in honor of Washington Irving.[25][26][27]

Irvington was incorporated as an independent village on March 27, 1874, from portions of Clinton Township.[25] What remained of Clinton Township was absorbed into Newark on March 5, 1902.[23] On March 2, 1898, Irvington was incorporated as a Town, replacing Irvington Village.[23] In 1982, the town was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change, of what would ultimately be more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.[28][29][30][31]

From 1887 to 1965, Irvington was home to Olympic Park, a 40-acre (16 ha) amusement park that straddled the border of Irvington and Maplewood, with the main entrance on Chancellor Avenue and a side entrance on 40th Street. After the park closed, the merry-go-round was sold and transported to Disney World, in Orlando, FL. The book, Smile: A Picture History of Olympic Park, 1887–1965 written by Alan A. Siegel was published in 1983 by Rutgers University Press.[32]

The 1967 Newark riots hastened an exodus of families from that city, many of them moving a few short blocks into neighboring Irvington. Until 1965, Irvington was almost exclusively white. By 1980, the town was nearly 40% black; by 1990 it was 70%.[33]

On July 1, 1980, Fred Bost, was sworn in as East Ward Councilman, making him the first black person to serve on the Town Council. At age 24, Michael G. Steele became the first black elected to public office in Irvington when he won a seat on the school board on March 25, 1980, then became the township's first black mayor ten years later, when he was elected in 1990 and served for four years, followed by Sarah Brockington Bost in 1994. In 1994 Steele returned to the Board of Education to pursue his career as the district's certified School Business Administrator, serving over 22 years. The current Mayor is Tony Vauss.[25]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 2.92 square miles (7.55 km2), including 2.91 square miles (7.55 km2) of land and <0.01 square miles (0.01 km2) of water (0.07%).[1][2]

The Elizabeth River runs through the city passing Civic Square and Clinton Cemetery. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Irving Place.[34]

The township is bordered by Maplewood to the west and Newark to the east, both in Essex County, and Hillside to the south and Union to the southwest, both in Union County, New Jersey.[35][36][37]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18801,677—
19005,255—
191011,877126.0%
192025,480114.5%
193056,733122.7%
194055,328−2.5%
195059,2017.0%
196059,3790.3%
197059,7430.6%
198061,4932.9%
199061,018−0.8%
200060,695−0.5%
201053,926−11.2%
202061,17613.4%
2023 (est.)59,925[9][11]−2.0%
Population sources:1900–1920[38]
1900–1910[39] 1880–1930[40]
1940–2000[41] 2000[42][43]
2010[18][19][44] 2020[9][10]

2020 census

Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1990[45] Pop 2000[46] Pop 2010[47] Pop 2020[48] % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 11,323 3,465 1,429 983 18.56% 5.71% 2.65% 1.61%
Black or African American alone (NH) 41,646 48,852 45,285 48,208 68.25% 80.49% 83.98% 78.80%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 133 100 125 84 0.22% 0.16% 0.23% 0.14%
Asian alone (NH) 1,256 661 462 413 2.06% 1.09% 0.86% 0.68%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) N/A 39 18 7 N/A 0.06% 0.03% 0.01%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 205 228 193 429 0.34% 0.38% 0.36% 0.70%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) N/A 2,264 698 2,067 N/A 3.73% 1.29% 3.38%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 6,455 5,086 5,716 8,985 10.58% 8.38% 10.60% 14.69%
Total 61,018 60,695 53,926 61,176 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 53,926 people, 20,093 households, and 12,839 families in the township. The population density was 18,417.0 per square mile (7,110.8/km2). There were 23,196 housing units at an average density of 7,922.0 per square mile (3,058.7/km2). The racial makeup was 5.64% (3,042) White, 85.41% (46,058) Black or African American, 0.38% (204) Native American, 0.87% (471) Asian, 0.07% (38) Pacific Islander, 5.42% (2,922) from other races, and 2.21% (1,191) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.60% (5,716) of the population.[18]

Of the 20,093 households, 30.9% had children under the age of 18; 27.6% were married couples living together; 27.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 36.1% were non-families. Of all households, 31.0% were made up of individuals and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.33.[18]

25.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 88.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 84.2 males.[18]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $42,580, and the median family income was $50,798. Males had a median income of $38,033 versus $36,720 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,520. About 14.4% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.[49]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census[15] there were 60,695 people, 22,032 households, and 14,408 families residing in the township. The population density was 20,528.3 inhabitants per square mile (7,926.0/km2). There were 24,116 housing units at an average density of 8,156.5 per square mile (3,149.2/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 81.66% Black or African American, 8.97% White, 0.24% Native American, 1.10% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 3.68% from other races, and 4.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.38% of the population.[42][43]

As part of the 2000 Census, 81.66% of Irvington's residents identified themselves as being Black or African American. This was one of the highest percentages of African American people in the United States, and the third-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside at 93.6%, and East Orange at 89.46%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.[50]

There were 22,032 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.2% were married couples living together, 27.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.39.[42][43]

In the township the age distribution of the population shows 28.0% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.[42][43]

The median income for a household in the township was $36,575, and the median income for a family was $41,098. Males had a median income of $32,043 versus $27,244 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,874. About 15.8% of families and 17.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.[42][43]

Crime

Irvington experienced the crack epidemic of the 1980s and has struggled with its aftermath. The township's violent crime rate was six times higher than New Jersey overall and the murder rate eight times higher than statewide statistics. In 2007, the New Jersey State Police reported that Irvington had a violent crime rate of 22.4 incidents per 1,000 population, the highest of all 15 major urban areas in the state.[51]

According to the New Jersey State Police Uniform Crime Report for 2013, year-to-year between 2012 and 2013, Irvington experienced an overall reduction in crime of 9% (from 49.6 to 45.2 incidents per 1,000), with reductions coming from overall non-violent crime (18%) and aggravated assault (22%), but an increase in the violent crime rate of 16% from 13.1 incidents per 1,000 to 15.3.[52]

Economy

Springfield Avenue commercial district

Portions of the township are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Irvington was selected in 1996 as one of a group of seven zones added to participate in the program.[53] In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6+5⁄8% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[54] Established in May 1996, the township's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in May 2027.[55]

In July 2015, the central business district surrounding the Irvington Bus Terminal on Springfield Avenue was designated as one of 33 transit villages statewide, qualifying it for incentives for revitalization.[56][57]

Theatres

Irvington had six movie theatres that provided live stage appearances or films for their patrons amusement. The theatres were built in the 1920s during the era of silent films. A few theaters were installed with Wurlitzers, such as the Castle, Chancellor, and Sanford.[58] A Wurlitzer opus 1885 was installed at Chancellor Theater, known prior as the Roxy or Rex. The Sanford had a Wurlitzer organ opus 1301 installed. The organs were used for silent movies, stage acts, or intermissions. Motion pictures began to increase in showings during the 1940s and 1950s, but downturn in audience turn-out resulted in theaters to close during the 1970s. As of 2024, there are no movie theaters operating in the township.

Government

Local government

Irvington is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council form of municipal government, one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form.[59] The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the seven-member Township Council, whose members are elected to staggered four-year terms of office on a non-partisan basis in municipal elections held on the second Tuesday in May in even-numbered years. The mayor and the three at-large seats are elected together and two years later the four ward seats are up for vote together. The council selects a president, first vice president and second vice president from among its members at a reorganization meeting held after each election.[7][60] The council is the legislative body of the township and needs a ⅔ majority to make changes to the budget submitted by the mayor. The mayor is the township's chief executive and is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations and submitting a budget, but is not eligible to vote on the council and is not required to attend its meetings.

As of July 2022, the mayor of Irvington is Tony Vauss, whose term of office ends June 30, 2026.[3] Members of the Township Council are Council President Renee C. Burgess (At-large, 2026), Council First Vice President Octavio Hudley (At-large, 2026), Council Second Vice President Charnette Frederic (At-large, 2026), Jamillah Z. Beasley (South Ward, 2024), Vernal C. Cox Sr. (West Ward, 2024), Sean C. Evans (East Ward, 2024) and Orlander Glen Vick (North Ward, 2024).[61][62][63][64][65]

In April 2019, Jamillah Z. Beasley was appointed to fill the South Ward seat expiring in December 2020 that became vacant following the death of Sandra M. Jones.[66] He served on an interim basis until the November 2019 general election, when he was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.[67]

Council President David Lyons, who had served six terms in office representing the North Ward, died in August 2019.[68]

Federal, state and county representation

Irvington is located in the 10th Congressional District[69] and is part of New Jersey's 28th state legislative district.[70][71][72]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by Donald Payne Jr. (D, Newark).[73][74] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[75] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).[76][77]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 28th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Renee Burgess (D, Irvington) and in the General Assembly by Garnet Hall (D, Maplewood) and Cleopatra Tucker (D, Newark).[78]

Essex County is governed by a directly elected county executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of County Commissioners. As of 2024, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, Roseland), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.[79] The county's Board of County Commissioners is composed of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected on an at-large basis. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November.[80] Essex County's Commissioners are:

Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark, 2026),[81] A'Dorian Murray-Thomas (D, District 2 – Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark's South and West Wards; Newark, 2026),[82] Vice President Tyshammie L. Cooper (D, District 3 - Newark: West and Central Wards; East Orange, Orange and South Orange; East Orange, 2026),[83] Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell, 2026),[84] President Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Bloomfield, 2026),[85] Brendan W. Gill (D, at large; Montclair, 2026),[86] Romaine Graham (D, at large; Irvington, 2026),[87] Wayne Richardson (D, at large; Newark, 2026),[88] Patricia Sebold (D, at-large; Livingston, 2026).[89][90][91][92][93]

Constitutional officers elected countywide are: Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (D, West Caldwell, 2025),[94][95] Register of Deeds Juan M. Rivera Jr. (D, Newark, 2025),[96][97] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (D, Fairfield, 2024),[98][99] and Surrogate Alturrick Kenney (D, Newark, 2028).[100][101]

Politics

As of March 2011, there were 28,545 registered voters in Irvington, of which 14,694 (51.5%) were registered as Democrats, 404 (1.4%) were registered as Republicans and 13,442 (47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered to other parties such as the Libertarian Party and Green Party.[102]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 97.9% of the vote (18,538 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1.9% (363 votes), and other candidates with 0.2% (38 votes), among the 19,036 ballots cast by the township's 30,744 registered voters (97 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 61.9%.[103][104] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 96.9% of the vote (18,923 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 2.5% (493 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (29 votes), among the 19,533 ballots cast by the township's 28,879 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.6%.[105] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 91.8% of the vote (14,885 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 7.3% (1,189 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (80 votes), among the 16,211 ballots cast by the township's 26,594 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 61.0.[106]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 86.4% of the vote (6,800 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 13.1% (1,028 votes), and other candidates with 0.5% (42 votes), among the 8,030 ballots cast by the township's 31,292 registered voters (160 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 25.7%.[107][108] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 93.2% of the vote (9,218 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 4.6% (459 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 0.9% (93 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (66 votes), among the 9,894 ballots cast by the township's 28,189 registered voters, yielding a 35.1% turnout.[109]

Town of Irvington v. Elouise McDaniel

In 2022, Irvington sued local resident Elouise McDaniel, 82, accusing her of harassment and bullying by using her rights under New Jersey's Open Public Records Act.[110] Both Mayor Vauss and Municipal Clerk Harold Wiener denied filing the lawsuit when interviewed, with Wiener commenting "She does file a lot of OPRAs. That comes with the territory, my territory. I know Ms. McDaniel. I don’t have a problem with her."[111] After being the first to report on the story, WNBC was sent two cease and desist letters by the township, accusing them of harassment as well.[112] After the lawsuit became widely publicized, Irvington dropped it.[113]

Education

The Irvington Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.[114] The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke[115] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[116][117] As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprised of 12 schools, had an enrollment of 8,020 students and 530.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 15.1:1.[118] Schools in the district (with 2019–20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[119]) are Augusta Preschool Academy[120] (with 341 students; in Pre-K), Berkeley Terrace School[121] (387; Pre-K–5), Chancellor Avenue School[122] (527; K–5), Florence Avenue School[123] (672; K–5), Grove Street School[124] (428; Pre-K–5), Madison Avenue School[125] (410; Pre-K–5), Thurgood G. Marshall School[126] (398; Pre-K–5), Mount Vernon Avenue School[127] (542; K–5), University Elementary School[128] (403; K–5), Union Avenue Middle School[129] (778; 6–8), University Middle School[130] (403; 6–8) and Irvington High School[131] (1,558; 9–12).[132][133][134] The district's high school was the 309th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 328 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2012 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 287th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed.[135]

Transportation

Garden State Parkway northbound in Irvington

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the township had a total of 69.44 miles (111.75 km) of roadways, of which 55.98 miles (90.09 km) were maintained by the municipality, 10.69 miles (17.20 km) by Essex County, 2.60 miles (4.18 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority and 0.17 miles (0.27 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[136]

The Garden State Parkway is the most significant highway in Irvington, passing through the center of the township; it is accessible from exits 143 and 144.[137] Interstate 78 also passes through very briefly along the southeastern border at Exit 54.[138] The most significant local roadway passing through Irvington is County Road 509.[139][140]

Public transportation

Bus Terminal

The Irvington Bus Terminal, which underwent renovation in the early 2000s, is one of NJ Transit's (NJT) busiest facilities and regional transit hubs.[141][142] Irvington is served by NJ Transit bus routes 107 to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan; the 1, 13, 25, 27, 37, 39, 42, 70, 90 and 94 to Newark; and local service on the 26, 96. The 375 and the 107X also serves Irvington Bus Terminal as express routes.[143][144]

Scheduled airline service is available at Newark Liberty International Airport in neighboring Newark and Elizabeth.

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Irvington, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Irvington include:

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
  2. ^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. ^ a b Mayor Tony Vauss, Township of Irvington. Accessed April 21, 2022.
  4. ^ 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
  5. ^ Business Administration, Township of Irvington, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2022.
  6. ^ Municipal Clerk, Township of Irvington, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2022.
  7. ^ a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 129.
  8. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Township of Irvington, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 6, 2013.
  9. ^ a b c d e QuickFacts Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 23, 2023.
  10. ^ a b c Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
  11. ^ a b Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.
  12. ^ a b Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  13. ^ Look Up a ZIP Code, United States Postal Service. Accessed November 25, 2011.
  14. ^ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Irvington, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  15. ^ a b U.S. Census website, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  16. ^ Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 30, 2022.
  17. ^ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  18. ^ a b c d e DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  19. ^ a b Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Irvington township Archived 2012-03-19 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  20. ^ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  21. ^ QuickFacts Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 20, 2022.
  22. ^ "Here are the 30 N.J. towns with the highest property tax rates", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, March 15, 2021. Accessed January 19, 2022. "The average equalized tax rate in New Jersey was 2.279 in 2020, according to data from the Department of Community Affairs. Here is the list of 30 New Jersey towns with the highest property tax rates.... 9. Irvington Equalized tax rate in Irvington Township, Essex County, was 4.890 in 2020 Average equalized tax rate in Essex County: 2.824"
  23. ^ a b c Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 126 re Clinton Township, p. 128 re Irvington. Accessed May 29, 2024.
  24. ^ Gordon, Thomas Francis (1834). "A Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey: Comprehending a General View of Its Physical and Moral Condition, Together with a Topographical and Statistical Account of Its Counties, Towns, Villages, Canals, Rail Roads, &c., Accompanied by a Map".
  25. ^ a b c History of Irvington Archived 2007-01-13 at the Wayback Machine, Irvington Township. Accessed May 9, 2007.
  26. ^ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 166. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  27. ^ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 2, 2015.
  28. ^ "Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification", p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.
  29. ^ "Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments", Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980). ... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."
  30. ^ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "New Jersey Journal", The New York Times, December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."
  31. ^ Karcher, Alan J. New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness, pp. 119–120. Rutgers University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780813525662. Accessed September 24, 2015.
  32. ^ Di Ionno, Mark. "Di Ionno: An Irvington theme park's magic etched in stone", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, August 28, 2012, updated March 30, 2019. Accessed August 16, 2020. "'Smile' was the theme at Olympic Park, a 40-acre amusement wonderland on the Irvington-Maplewood border, and from 1887 to 1965, it put smiles on millions of faces.... Renamed Olympic Park after the 1904 Games in St. Louis (the world was Olympic-crazy back then, too), it quickly grew into New Jersey’s largest amusement park. Called 'Newark’s Coney Island,' the landlocked park compensated for its lack of ocean with the nation’s largest fresh-water swimming pool."
  33. ^ Pasculli, Diana. The Divergent Paths of Irvington and Maplewood, New Jersey, Spring 2012. Accessed June 27, 2022. "In the 1970s, almost all Irvington residents were white. However, the mass exodus following the Newark riots of 1967 drastically and quickly changed the racial make-up of Irvington. By 1980, Irvington was 40% black and 70% black by 1990."
  34. ^ Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  35. ^ Areas touching Irvington, MapIt. Accessed February 24, 2020.
  36. ^ Municipalities, Essex County, New Jersey Register of Deeds and Mortgages. Accessed February 24, 2020.
  37. ^ New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  38. ^ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed August 1, 2013. No data is listed for 1880 in this source.
  39. ^ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 335. Accessed July 24, 2012.
  40. ^ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 711. Accessed August 1, 2013. Source lists 1880 population and indicates that Irvington population was not listed separately for 1890.
  41. ^ Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  42. ^ a b c d e Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey Archived 2014-07-11 at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 12, 2013.
  43. ^ a b c d e DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 12, 2013.
  44. ^ 2010 Census Populations: Essex County, Asbury Park Press. Accessed July 16, 2011.
  45. ^ "New Jersey: 1990" (PDF). Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  46. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  47. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau.
  48. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau.
  49. ^ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 1, 2012.
  50. ^ African-American Communities Archived 2015-03-17 at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed July 16, 2011.
  51. ^ Jones, Richard G. "A Cruel Turn for Irvington, a Town Already Battling Crime and Blight", The New York Times, October 20, 2007. Accessed August 19, 2008. "On Tuesday, the State Police reported that Irvington had the highest violent crime rate of the state's 15 major urban areas, with 22.4 incidents for every 1,000 residents."
  52. ^ "Section Seven: New Jersey Municipal-County Offense & Demographic Data, New Jersey State Police. Accessed December 30, 2015.
  53. ^ Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "The legislation was amended in 1996 to include seven additional zones. They were all predetermined and include East Orange, Guttenberg, Hillside, Irvington, North Bergen, Pemberton and West New York."
  54. ^ Urban Enterprise Zone Program, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018"
  55. ^ Urban Enterprise Zones Effective and Expiration Dates, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed January 8, 2018.
  56. ^ Mazzola, Jessica. "N.J. names 30th transit village, town calls designation 'tremendous'", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, July 8, 2015. Accessed July 15, 2015. "Park Ridge and Irvington have secured the state's 'transit village' designation, an NJDOT-administered program that connects transit hubs across the state with experts and funding to redevelop the land surrounding them."
  57. ^ Transit Village Initiative Frequently Asked Questions, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 4, 2019.
  58. ^ "Irvington High School Class of 1971". ihs71.home.blog. Frank H. Morrell High School NJ. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  59. ^ Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
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  61. ^ Home Page, Township of Irvington. Accessed July 20, 2022.
  62. ^ 2021 Municipal Data Sheet, Township of Irvington. Accessed April 21, 2022.
  63. ^ Essex County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2022.
  64. ^ Municipal Election May 10, 2022 Official Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated May 18, 2022. Accessed July 1, 2022.
  65. ^ May 12, 2020 Municipal Special Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey Clerk, updated May 15, 2020. Accessed August 16, 2020.
  66. ^ Jamillah Z. Beasley, Township of Irvington. Accessed November 4, 2019. "On April 22, 2019, the Irvington Municipal Council unanimously voted to appoint Jamillah Z. Beasley as South Ward Council Member to fill the vacant office of the late Sandra R. Jones."
  67. ^ November 5, 2019 General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 14, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  68. ^ Wildstein, David. "David Lyons, longtime Irvington councilman, dies at 69; Six-term councilman ran for mayor three times", New Jersey Globe, August 17, 2019. Accessed November 4, 2019. "Irvington Council President David Lyons, a six-term local official who once worked for baseball Hall of Famer Roy Campanella, died on August 13 after an illness. He was 69."
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  74. ^ Biography, Congressman Donald M. Payne Jr. Accessed January 3, 2019. "U.S. Representative Donald M. Payne, Jr. is a lifelong resident of Newark, New Jersey."
  75. ^ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  76. ^ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "Menendez, who started his political career in Union City, moved in September from Paramus to one of Harrison's new apartment buildings near the town's PATH station.."
  77. ^ Home, sweet home: Bob Menendez back in Hudson County. nj.com. Accessed April 30, 2021. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
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  79. ^ Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
  80. ^ General Information, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020. "The County Executive, elected from the County at-large, for a four-year term, is the chief political and administrative officer of the County.... The Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected at-large. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November. There is no limit to the number of terms they may serve."
  81. ^ Robert Mercado, Commissioner, District 1, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
  82. ^ Wayne L. Richardson, Commissioner President, District 2, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
  83. ^ Tyshammie L. Cooper, Commissioner, District 3, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
  84. ^ Leonard M. Luciano, Commissioner, District 4, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
  85. ^ Carlos M. Pomares, Commissioner Vice President, District 5, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
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  87. ^ Romaine Graham, Commissioner At-large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
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  89. ^ Patricia Sebold, Commissioner At-large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
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  98. ^ Armando B. Fontura, Essex County Sheriff's Office. Accessed June 10, 2018.
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  100. ^ The Essex County Surrogate's Office, Essex County Surrogate. Accessed July 20, 2020.
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    102. Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Irvington,_New_Jersey
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