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List of Linux kernel names

This article documents the version history of the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was conceived and created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.[1]

Linux kernels have different support levels depending on the version. Usually, each stable version continues to backport bug fixes from the mainline until the next stable version is released. However, if a stable version has been designated as a long-term support (LTS) kernel, it will be maintained for an extra few years.[2] After that, versions designated as Super-Long-Term Support (SLTS) will then be maintained by the Civil Infrastructure Platform (CIP) for many more years.[3]

Releases 6.x.y

Version Original release date Last release Maintainer EOL Prominent features Notes
Current stable version: 6.6 30 October 2023[2] 6.6.5[4] Edit this on Wikidata Linus Torvalds
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.5 27 August 2023[2] 6.5.13[5] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin 28 November 2023[6]
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.4 25 June 2023[2] 6.4.16[5] 13 September 2023[7]
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.3 23 April 2023[2] 6.3.13[5] 11 July 2023[8]
  • More Rust in the kernel
  • Initial Support for Intel Meteor Lake Display
  • Intel Meteor Lake VPUs ("Versatile Processing Unit") support
  • AMD Automatic IBRS
  • Intel TPMI driver was merged, hopes are this will give more control over power management.
  • Big Performance Improvement for EXT4. Nice Improvements for BTRFS too
  • IPv4 BIG TCP support, maybe better network performance
  • Microsoft Hyper-V nested hypervisor support.
  • Faster kernel builds and with lower peak memory use.
  • Removed support for the Intel ICC compiler.
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.2 19 February 2023[2] 6.2.16[5] May 2023[9]
  • Intel Arc drivers are now deemed "stable" and on by default.
  • Initial FOSS support for NVIDIA GeForce 30 Series. But performance is poor for now.
  • Support for Apple's M1
  • Call Depth Tracking as a better performance alternative to IBRS for older Intel CPUs
  • Some Power-savings improvements when the system is idle or lightly loaded.
  • Support for running Raspberry Pi in 4K@60Hz
  • Better performance and scalability for running RAID5/6 in btrfs-like systems
  • Even more Rust in the kernel
Older version, yet still maintained: 6.1 11 December 2022[10] 6.1.65[5] December 2026[2]

August 2033[11]

  • Support for writing kernel modules in Rust[12]
  • Multi-Gen LRU page reclaiming[13] (not yet enabled by default)
  • Btrfs performance improvements[14]
  • Support for more sound hardware
  • Improved support for game controllers[15]
23rd LTS release
Used in Debian 12 "Bookworm"[16]

4th SLTS release (which CIP[17] is planning[11] to support until August 2033)

6.1.28 is named Curry Ramen[18]

Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0 2 October 2022[19] 6.0.19[20] January 2023[20]
  • Performance improvements on Intel Xeon 'Ice Lake', AMD Ryzen 'Threadripper', AMD EPYC[21]
  • New hardware support including Intel, AMD, Qualcomm[22]
Named "Hurr durr I'ma [sic] ninja sloth"[23]
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Releases 5.x.y

Version Original release date Last release Maintainer EOL Prominent features Notes
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.19 31 July 2022[24] 5.19.17[25] Linus Torvalds October 2022[25]
  • Initial support for LoongArch[26][27]
  • Support for Big TCP[26][27]
  • More secure encrypted virtualization with AMD SEV-SNP and Intel TDX[26][27]
  • Armv9 Scalable Matrix Extension support[27]
  • Introduce Intel In-Field Scan driver to run targeted low level diagnostics outside of the CPU's architectural error detection capabilities[26]
  • a.out support removed[28]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.18 22 May 2022[29] 5.18.19[30] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[2] August 2022[30]
  • Support for Indirect Branch Tracking[31] on Intel CPUs[32]
  • User events[33]
  • fprobe, for probing multiple functions with a single probe handler[34]
  • Headers rearchitecturing preparations for faster compilation times[35]
  • Stricter memcpy() compile-time bounds checking[36]
  • Switch to C11[37]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.17 20 March 2022[38] 5.17.15[39] June 2022[39]
  • BPF CO-RE support[40][41]
  • Random number generator improvements[42]
  • New Real-Time Linux Analysis (RTLA) tool[43]
  • Support giving names to anonymous memory[44]
  • Mitigate straight-line speculation attacks[45]
Used in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS on newer hardware[46]

Named Superb Owl[47]

Old version, no longer maintained: 5.16 9 January 2022[48] 5.16.20[49] April 2022[49]
  • New futex_waitv() system call for faster game performance[50]
  • Memory folios infrastructure for a faster memory management[51]
  • Add support for AMX instructions[52]
  • Improve write congestion[53]
Older version, yet still maintained: 5.15 31 October 2021[54] 5.15.141[5] October 2026[2]
  • New NTFS file system implementation
  • ksmbd, an in-kernel SMB 3 server
  • Migrate memory pages to persistent memory in lieu of discard[55]
  • DAMON, a data access monitor
  • Introduce process_mrelease(2) system call[56]
22nd LTS release; used in

Named Trick or Treat[59]

Old version, no longer maintained: 5.14 29 August 2021[60] 5.14.21[61] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2021[61] Used in RHEL 9.x and derivatives[62] (Redhat ignores LTS-Kernel, own kernel-backports) and SLE 15 SP4/openSUSE Leap 15.4
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.13 27 June 2021[63] 5.13.19[64] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin September 2021[64] Named Opossums on Parade
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.12 25 April 2021[65] 5.12.19[66] Greg Kroah-Hartman July 2021[66] Named Frozen Wasteland[67][68]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.11 14 February 2021[69] 5.11.22[70] May 2021[70] Named "💕 Valentine's Day Edition 💕"[71]
Older version, yet still maintained: 5.10 13 December 2020[72] 5.10.202[5] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[2] December 2026[2][73]

January 2031[11]

21st LTS release; used in Debian 11 "Bullseye"[74]

3rd SLTS release (which CIP[75] is planning[11] to support until January 2031)

Named "Dare mighty things"[76]

Old version, no longer maintained: 5.9 11 October 2020[77] 5.9.16[78] Greg Kroah-Hartman December 2020[78]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.8 2 August 2020[79] 5.8.18[80] November 2020[80]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.7 31 May 2020[81] 5.7.19[82] August 2020[82]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.6 29 March 2020[83] 5.6.19[84] June 2020[84]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.5 26 January 2020[85] 5.5.19[86] April 2020[86]
Older version, yet still maintained: 5.4 24 November 2019[87] 5.4.262[5] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[2] December 2025[2] 20th LTS release, used in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
5.4-rc2 is named Nesting Opossum[88]

5.4-rc5 is named Kleptomaniac Octopus[89]

Old version, no longer maintained: 5.3 15 September 2019[90] 5.3.18[91] Greg Kroah-Hartman December 2019[91]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.2 7 July 2019[92] 5.2.20[93] October 2019[93] 5.2-rc2 is named Golden Lions[94][95]

5.2 is named Bobtail Squid[96]

Old version, no longer maintained: 5.1 5 May 2019[97] 5.1.21[98] July 2019[98]
  • io_uring API, a new way to do asynchronous I/O (AIO),[99] the older API/interface "aio" had problems and performance issues.
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0 3 March 2019[100] 5.0.21[101] June 2019[101]
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Releases 4.x.y

Version Original release date Last release Maintainer EOL Notes
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.20 23 December 2018[102] 4.20.17[103] Greg Kroah-Hartman March 2019[103] Named Shy Crocodile[104]
Older version, yet still maintained: 4.19 22 October 2018[105] 4.19.300[5] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[2] December 2024[2][106]

January 2029[11]

19th LTS release. Used in Debian 10 "Buster".[107] Second SLTS release (which CIP is planning[11] to support until January 2029), and first with ARM64 support.[108] Named "People's Front"[109]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.18 12 August 2018[110] 4.18.20[111] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2018[111] RHEL 8.x (Redhat ignores LTS-Kernel, own kernel-backports)
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.17 3 June 2018[112] 4.17.19[113] August 2018[113] Named Merciless Moray[114]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.16 1 April 2018[115] 4.16.18[116] June 2018[116]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.15 28 January 2018[117] 4.15.18[118] April 2018[118] Used in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
Older version, yet still maintained: 4.14 12 November 2017[119] 4.14.331[5] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[2] January 2024[2][120] 18th LTS release

4.14.1 is named Petit Gorille[121]

Old version, no longer maintained: 4.13 3 September 2017[122] 4.13.16[123] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2017[123]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.12 2 July 2017[124] 4.12.14[125] September 2017[125]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.11 30 April 2017[126] 4.11.12[127] July 2017[127]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.10 19 February 2017[128] 4.10.17[129] May 2017[129] 4.10-rc5 was named Anniversary Edition[130]

4.10-rc6 was named Fearless Coyote[131]

Old version, no longer maintained: 4.9 11 December 2016[132] 4.9.337[5] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[2] January 2023[2][133] 17th LTS release. Used in Debian 9 "Stretch".[134] Named Roaring Lionus[135][136]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.8 25 September 2016[137] 4.8.17[138] Greg Kroah-Hartman January 2017[138]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.7 24 July 2016[139] 4.7.10[140] October 2016[140] Named Psychotic Stoned Sheep[141]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.6 15 May 2016[142] 4.6.7[143] August 2016[143] Named Charred Weasel[144]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.5 13 March 2016[145] 4.5.7[146] June 2016[147]
Older version, yet still maintained: 4.4 10 January 2016[148] 4.4.302[149]

4.4.302-cip80[150]

Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[2] (until February 2022[149])

Nobuhiro Iwamatsu & Pavel Machek[11]

January 2027[11] 16th LTS release, used in Slackware 14.2.[151] Canonical provided extended support until April 2021.[152] As the first kernel selected for Super Long Term Support (SLTS), the Civil Infrastructure Platform will provide support until at least 2026.[3] Used in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.3 1 November 2015[153] 4.3.6[154] Greg Kroah-Hartman February 2016[155] Named Blurry Fish Butt[156][157]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.2 30 August 2015[158] 4.2.8[159] December 2015[159] Canonical provided extended support until July 2016.[160][161]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.1 22 June 2015[162] 4.1.52[163] Sasha Levin[2][164] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)[165] May 2018[163] 15th LTS release. 4.1.1 was named Series 4800[166]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0 12 April 2015[167] 4.0.9[168] Greg Kroah-Hartman July 2015[169] Named "Hurr durr I'ma [sic] sheep"[170] (Internet poll)
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Releases 3.x.y

The jump from 2.6.x to 3.x wasn't because of a breaking update, but rather the first release of a new versioning scheme introduced as a more convenient system.[171]

Version Original release date Last release Maintainer Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_Linux_kernel_names
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Zdroj: Wikipedia.org - čítajte viac o List of Linux kernel names





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