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 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2023) |
| Gundam | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Created by | Hajime Yatate Yoshiyuki Tomino |
| Original work | Mobile Suit Gundam |
| Owner | Bandai Namco Filmworks (directly and through Sotsu) |
| Years | 1979–present |
| Print publications | |
| Novel(s) | See list |
| Comics | See list |
| Films and television | |
| Film(s) | See below |
| Television series | See below |
| Games | |
| Traditional | Gundam War Collectible Card Game |
| Video game(s) | See list |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Toy(s) | Gunpla (plastic Gundam models) The Robot Spirits S. H. Figuarts |
| Genre | Science fiction Military science fiction Real robot |
Gundam (Japanese: ガンダムシリーズ, Hepburn: Gandamu Shirīzu, lit. Gundam Series) is a Japanese military science fiction media franchise. Created by Yoshiyuki Tomino and Sunrise (now Bandai Namco Filmworks), the franchise features giant robots, or mecha, with the name "Gundam". The franchise began on April 7, 1979, with Mobile Suit Gundam, a TV series that defined the "real robot" mecha anime genre by featuring giant robots called mobile suits (including the original titular mecha) in a militaristic setting. The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a franchise that includes 50 TV series, films and OVAs as well as manga, novels and video games, along with a whole industry of plastic model kits known as Gunpla which makes up 90 percent of the Japanese character plastic-model market.[1][2][3]
Academics in Japan have viewed the series as inspiration; in 2008, the virtual Gundam Academy was planned as the first academic institution based on an animated TV series.[4]
As of March 2020, the franchise is fully owned by Bandai Namco Holdings through subsidiaries Sotsu and Sunrise. The Gundam franchise had grossed over $5 billion in retail sales by 2000.[5][6][7] By 2022, the annual revenue of the Gundam franchise reached ¥101.7 billion per year,[8] ¥44.2 billion of which was retail sales of toys and hobby items.[8]
Overview
Concept
Mobile Suit Gundam was developed by animator Yoshiyuki Tomino and a changing group of Sunrise creators with the collective pseudonym of Hajime Yatate. The series was originally entitled Freedom Fighter Gunboy (or Gunboy) for the robot's gun, with teen boys the primary target demographic. Early production had a number of references to freedom: the White Base was originally "Freedom's Fortress", the Core Fighter was the "Freedom Wing" and the Gunperry was the "Freedom Cruiser". The Yatate team combined the English word "gun" with the last syllable of the word "freedom" to form the portmanteau Gundom. Tomino changed it to Gundam, suggesting a unit wielding a gun powerful enough to hold back enemies like a hydroelectric dam holding back water.[9] In keeping with the concept, Gundams are depicted as prototypes or limited-production, with higher capabilities than mass-produced units.
Most Gundams are large, bipedal, humanoid vehicles controlled from a cockpit by a human pilot. The cockpit is located in the torso, while the head serves as a camera to transmit images back to the cockpit. Most of the series protagonists are Newtypes, genetically advanced humans adapted for space. Newtypes have psychic abilities that enable them to sense each other across space and to utilize special mobile suits.
The series itself has been described as a space opera.[10]
Innovation
Mobile Suit Gundam reportedly pioneered the real robot subgenre of mecha anime.[11] In contrast to its super robot cousins, Mobile Suit Gundam attempted realism in its robot design and weaponry by running out of energy and ammunition or malfunctioning. Its technology is derived from actual science (such as Lagrange points and the O'Neill cylinder in space, and the use of Helium-3 as an energy source) or feasible technology requiring only a few fictional elements to function (such as Minovsky Physics).[12]
Timelines
Most of the Gundam animation (including the earliest series) is set in what is known as the Universal Century (UC) calendar era, with later series set in alternate calendars or timelines. Although many new Gundam stories are told in their parallel universe with independent timelines (giving them greater creative freedom), the original UC storyline continues to be popular, with new installments frequently produced ever since. It established the series, setting the standard for hard science fiction in anime; the original Gundam marked the maturing of the giant-robot genre. Nostalgia for the oldest Gundam shows (and its status as a pop-culture icon in Japan) is a factor in its continuing success.[13]
Spinoffs
SD Gundam, a spinoff of Gundam which began during the mid-1980s, features super deformed designs and emphasizes comedy and adventure. Model Suit Gunpla Builders Beginning G, Gundam Build Fighters, and Gundam Build Divers feature contemporary settings and use Gunpla as plot elements.
Media
TV series, films, and video
Except for Mobile Suit Gundam 00, which follows the current calendar era, all Gundam series are set in a fictional era, with a new calendar adopted after a drastic event or chain of events and typically involve a major conflict involving Earth and space colonies (and in some cases the Moon and terraformed planets).[citation needed] An exception is the Gundam Build timeline, which is set in an alternate present time where all other Gundam installments are fictional.
| Name | Media | Release date | Timeline and year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mobile Suit Gundam | TV series: 43 episodes | 1979–1980 | Universal Century (UC) 0079 |
| Compilation movies: 3 | 1981–1982 | ||
| Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam | TV series: 50 episodes | 1985–1986 | Universal Century (UC) 0087 |
| Compilation movies: 3 | 2005–2006 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ | TV series: 47 episodes | 1986–1987 | Universal Century (UC) 0088 |
| OVA: 2 episodes | 2009 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack | Movie | 1988 | Universal Century (UC) 0093 |
| Mobile Suit SD Gundam | Movies: 5 | 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993 | |
| OVA: 9 episodes | 1989–1991 | ||
| Compilation TV series: 8 episodes | 1993 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket | OVA: 6 episodes | 1989 | Universal Century (UC) 0079–80 |
| Mobile Suit Gundam F91 | Movie | 1991 | Universal Century (UC) 0123 |
| Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory | OVA: 13 episodes | 1991–1992 | Universal Century (UC) 0083 |
| Compilation movie | 1992 | ||
| Mobile Suit Victory Gundam | TV series: 51 episodes | 1993–1994 | Universal Century (UC) 0153 |
| Mobile Fighter G Gundam | TV series: 49 episodes | 1994–1995 | Future Century (FC) 60 |
| Mobile Suit Gundam Wing | TV series: 49 episodes | 1995–1996 | After Colony (AC) 195 |
| Compilation specials: 4 episodes | 1996 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam: The 08th MS Team | OVA: 12 episodes | 1996–1999 | Universal Century (UC) 0079 |
| Compilation movie | 1998 | ||
| Special | 2013 | ||
| After War Gundam X | TV series: 39 episodes | 1996 | After War (AW) 15 |
| Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz | OVA: 3 episodes | 1997 | After Colony (AC) 196 |
| Compilation movie | 1998 | ||
| Gundam: Mission to the Rise[14] | Short film | 1998 | |
| Turn A Gundam | TV series: 50 episodes | 1999–2000 | Correct Century (CC) 2343-5 |
| Compilation movies: 2 | 2002 | ||
| G-Saviour | Live-action TV movie | 2000 | Universal Century (UC) 0223 |
| Gundam Neo Experience 0087: Green Diver[15] | Specialty format movie | 2001 | Universal Century (UC) 0087 |
| Gundam Evolve | OVA: 15 episodes | 2001–2007 | |
| Mobile Suit Gundam SEED | TV series: 50 episodes | 2002–2003 | Cosmic Era (CE) 71 |
| OVA: 2 episodes | 2004 | ||
| Compilation specials: 3 episodes | 2004 | ||
| Superior Defender Gundam Force | TV series: 52 episodes | 2003–2004 | |
| Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO: The Hidden One Year War | OVA: 3 episodes | 2004 | Universal Century (UC) 0079 |
| Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny | TV series: 50 episodes | 2004–2005 | Cosmic Era (CE) 73–74 |
| OVA: 1 episode | 2004 | ||
| Compilation specials: 4 episodes | 2006 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO: Apocalypse 0079 | OVA: 3 episodes | 2006 | Universal Century (UC) 0079 |
| Mobile Suit Gundam SEED C.E. 73: Stargazer | ONA: 1 episode | 2006 | Cosmic Era (CE) 73 |
| Mobile Suit Gundam 00 | TV series: 50 episodes | 2007–2009 | Anno Domini (AD) 2307–2308, 2312 |
| Compilation OVA: 3 episodes | 2009 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO 2: Gravity Front | OVA: 3 episodes | 2008 | Universal Century (UC) 0079 |
| Ring of Gundam[16] | Short film | 2009 | |
| Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn | OVA: 7 episodes, 1 special episode | 2010–2014 | Universal Century (UC) 0096 |
| Compilation TV series: 22 episodes | 2016 | ||
| SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors | Movie | 2010 | |
| TV series: 51 episodes | |||
| Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie: A Wakening of the Trailblazer | Movie | 2010 | Anno Domini (AD) 2314 |
| Model Suit Gunpla Builders Beginning G | Specials: 3 episodes | 2010 | Our Century |
| Mobile Suit Gundam AGE | TV series: 49 episodes | 2011–2012 | Advanced Generation (AG) 115–164 |
| Compilation OVA: 2 episodes | 2013 | ||
| Gundam Build Fighters | TV series: 25 episodes | 2013–2014 | Our Century |
| Specials: 3 episodes | 2014 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam-san | TV series: 13 episodes | 2014 | |
| Gundam Reconguista in G | TV series: 26 episodes | 2014–2015 | Regild Century (RG) 1014 |
| Compilation movies: 5 | 2019–2022 | ||
| Gundam Build Fighters Try | TV series: 25 episodes | 2014–2015 | Our Century |
| OVA: 1 episode | 2016 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin | OVA: 6 episodes | 2015–2018 | Universal Century (UC) 0068, 0071, 0074, 0077, 0078, 0079 |
| Compilation TV series: 13 episodes | 2019 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans | TV series: 50 episodes | 2015–2017 | Post Disaster (PD) 323, 325 |
| Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt | ONA: 8 episodes | 2015–2017 | Universal Century (UC) 0079 |
| Compilation movies: 2 | 2016–2017 | ||
| Mobile Suit Gundam: Twilight AXIS | ONA: 6 episodes | 2017 | Universal Century (UC) 0096 |
| Compilation movie | 2017 | ||
| Gundam Build Fighters Battlogue | ONA: 5 episodes | 2017 | Our Century |
| Gundam Build Fighters: GM's Counterattack | ONA: 1 episode | 2017 | Our Century |
| Gundam Build Divers | Prologue ONA: 1 episode | 2018 | Our Century |
| TV series: 25 episodes | |||
| Mobile Suit Gundam Narrative | Movie | 2018 | Universal Century (UC) 0097 |
| SD Gundam World Sangoku Soketsuden | ONA: 10 episodes | 2019–2021 | |
| Gundam Build Divers Re:Rise | ONA: 26 episodes | 2019–2020 | Our Century |
| Gundam Build Divers: Battlogue | ONA: 1 episode | 2020 | Our Century |
| Mobile Suit Gundam G40[17] | ONA | 2020 | Universal Century (UC) 0079 |
| Gundam Build Real[18] | Live-action Net Drama: 6 episodes | 2021 | Our Century |
| SD Gundam World Heroes | ONA: 24 episodes | 2021 | |
| Mobile Suit Gundam Hathaway | Movies: 3 | 2021–TBA | Universal Century (UC) 0105 |
| Gundam Breaker Battlogue[19] | ONA: 6 episodes | 2021 | Our Century |
| Mobile Suit Gundam: Cucuruz Doan's Island | Movie | 2022 | Universal Century (UC) 0079 |
| Mobile Suit Gundam: The Witch from Mercury | Prologue ONA: 1 episode | 2022 | Ad Stella (AS) 101 |
| TV series: 24 episodes | 2022–2023 | Ad Stella (AS) 122 | |
| Gundam Build Metaverse | ONA: 3 episodes | 2023 | Our Century |
| Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Freedom | Movie | 2024 | Cosmic Era (CE) 75 |
| Gundam: Requiem for Vengeance[20] | ONA: 6 episodes | TBA
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