Rohingya
𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ‎, رُآ࣪يڠۡگَࢬ‎
The word "Rohingya" written in the Hanifi Rohingya script
Native to	Myanmar (Rakhine State)
Region	Rakhine State (Myanmar) and southeastern Chittagong Division (Bangladesh)
Ethnicity	Rohingya
Native speakers	2.5 million (2017)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Bengali–Assamese Rohingya
Writing system	Hanifi Rohingya Perso-Arabic (Rohingya Arabic Alphabet) Latin (Rohingyalish) Burmese Bengali–Assamese (rare)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	rhg
Glottolog	rohi1238
Traditional area of Rohingya speakers
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Part of a series on
Rohingya people
Culture Diaspora Flag History Homeland Language People Religion
Conflict Persecution Genocide
Category Commons
v t e

Rohingya (/roʊˈɪndʒə, -hɪn-, -ɪŋjə/; Hanifi Rohingya: 𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝, Ruáingga,رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ‎,^[2] pronounced [rʊˈɜiɲɟə])^[3] is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Rohingya people of Rakhine State, Myanmar.^[4][5] It is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Bengali–Assamese branch, and is closely related to the Chittagonian language spoken in neighbouring Bangladesh. The Rohingya and Chittagonian languages have a high degree of mutual intelligibility.^[6]

Phonology

Consonants

Rohingya has primarily the following 25 native consonant phonemes. There are some other consonant phonemes which are from foreign languages such as Arabic, Bengali, Burmese and Urdu.

• A dental fricative may also be heard in words of Arabic origin.
• is only used in words of foreign origin.
• /n/ is heard as when preceding /ʈ, ɖ/.
• Allophones of /k, ɡ/ can be heard as .

Vowels

• Short allophones of /e, a/ are heard as , . Allophones of /i, u/ are heard as .^[8]

There are six vowels and several diphthongs in the Rohingya language.^[9] They contrast between "open-o" ([ɔ]) and "closed-o" ([o]) by using the different spellings ⟨o⟩/⟨ó⟩ and ⟨ou⟩/⟨óu⟩ respectively. According to another, [o] is interpreted instead as a diphthong , leaving only 5 vowels.^[8]

Tones

Accented vowels, marked with an acute accent, represent stressed (or "hard" vowels), and repeating a vowel lengthens it.^[7] Thus, tonals are marked by arranging the location of a stressed vowel in a lengthened pair, like ⟨aá⟩ and ⟨áa⟩.^[7]

Grammar

Definite articles

1. If a noun ends with a vowel then the article is either an or wa if singular, or un or in if plural or uncountable.
Usually wa is used for round-fatty objects, and an for flat-thin objects.

2. If a noun ends with a consonant then the article is the end-consonant plus án or wá for singular or ún or ín for plural.

3. If a noun ends with r, then the article is g plus án or wá for singular or ún or ín for plural.
gún is used for human and gín for non-human.

Indefinite articles

Indefinite articles can be used either before or after the noun. Uggwá usually is used for roll/round/fatty shaped objects and ekkán is for thin/flat shaped objects.

Word order

Rohingya word order-1 is Subject–Object–Verb.

Rohingya word order-2 is Subject–Time-Place-Object–Verb.

Rohingya word order-3 is Subject–Time--Place-Object–-Verb.

Rohingya word order-4 is Subject–Time-adjective-Place-Object–adverb-Verb_1-Verb_2.

More on Time extension:

1. Aijja Januari 24 tarík ót, cón 2017 beínna 4 gwá báze 15 miníth 5 sekén ót.
   Today January dated 24, year 2017 in the morning at 4 o'clock 15 minutes 5 second.
2. Hailla Januari 30 tarík ót, cón 2017 ázinna 5 swá báze 25 minith 7 sekén ót.
   Tomorrow January dated 30, year 2017 in the evening at 5 o'clock 25 minutes 7 second.
3. Goto hailla Oktubor 10 tarík ót, cón 2018 rait or 10 cwá báze 35 miníth 50 sekén ot.
   Yesterday October dated 10, year 2018 in the night at 10 o'clock 35 minutes 50 second.

Tensesedit

Rohingya distinguishes 3 tenses and 4 aspects, as shown in the examples below. In these tenses, the helping verb félai shows perfect action (comparable to English "has/have") and félaat shows perfect continuous action (compare English "has/have been"). The helping verb táki and táikki are comparable to English "be" and "been".

Verb-form-suffix (basic and/or helping verb) indicate both person and tense. The suffixes ~ir, ~yi, ~lám, ~youm are used for the first person, the suffixes ~or, ~yó, ~lá, ~bá for the 2nd person, and the suffixes ~ar, ~ye, ~l, ~bou for the 3rd person.

Similarly ~ir, ~or, ~ar indicate present continuous tense, ~yi, ~yó, ~ye present perfect tense, ~lám, ~lá, ~l past tense, and ~youm, ~bá, ~bou future tense.

Copyright.sk © 2024