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Syrian civil war

Syrian civil war
Part of the Arab Spring, Arab Winter, the spillover of the War in Iraq, war against the Islamic State, war on terror, Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Arab–Israeli conflict, Iran–Israel proxy conflict and the Kurdish–Turkish conflict
Destroyed neighborhood in Raqqa.png
Syrian Civil War map.svg
Top: A ruined neighborhood in Raqqa in 2017.
Bottom: Military situation as of 9 September 2021:

     Syrian Arab Republic (SAA)      Syrian Arab Republic & Rojava (SAA & SDF)      Rojava (SDF)      Syrian Interim Government (SNA) & Turkish occupation      Syrian Salvation Government (HTS)[i]

     Syrian Free Army & American occupation      Opposition groups in reconciliation
(full list of combatants, detailed map)
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(12 years, 2 months and 3 weeks)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status Ongoing, ceasefire since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes
Territorial
changes		 As of 31 March 2020: the Syrian Armed Forces held 63.57% of Syrian territories; SDF 25.57%; rebel groups (incl. HTS) & Turkey 9.72%; Islamic State 1.14%[40][better source needed]
Main belligerents
 Iran
 Russia
(2015–present)
 Hezbollah
Support:
Syrian
Interim Government (Syrian National Army)[b]
 Turkey (2016–present)[c]
Support:
 Al-Qaeda[14][15]

Jabhat al-Nusra[f]
(2012–2016)
Jabhat Fatah
al-Sham (2016–2017)

Hurras al-Din[g]
(2018–present)[16]
Support:
Islamic State Islamic State[f]
(2013–present)
Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg CJTF–OIR
(2014–present)
Support:

Maghaweir al-Thowra (Syrian Free Army) (2015–present)

Support:
Commanders and leaders
Killed:
Killed:
Killed:
Killed:
  • Abu Khaled al-Shamy (Spokesman of the HTS military wing)[70]
  • Abu Ubeidah al-Kansafra (Senior commander and member of HTS Shura council)[71]
Killed:
Killed:
Killed:
Units involved
See order See order See order See order
Strength
Syrian Armed Forces: 142,000 (2019)[97]
General Security Directorate: 8,000[98]
National Defense Force: 80,000[99]
Liwa Fatemiyoun: 10,000–20,000 (2018)[100]
Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas: 10,000+(2013)[101]
Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000
Liwa Al-Quds: 4,000–8,000
Russia: 4,000 troops[102] & 1,000 contractors[103]

Iran: 3,000–5,000[104][105]
Iranian forces:up to 15,000[106]
Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000[104]
Other allied groups: 20,000+

Free Syrian Army: 20,000–32,000[107] (2013)
Syrian Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[108][109] (2014)
Other groups: 12,500[110] (2015)
Turkish Armed Forces: 4,000–8,000[111][112]

Ahrar al-Sham: 18,000–20,000+[113][114] (March 2017)

Tahrir al-Sham: 20,000–30,000 (per U.S., late 2018)[115]		 Islamic State: 10,000+ (in Syria and Iraq, 2022) [116]

SDF: 60,000–75,000 (2017 est.)[117]

  • YPG & YPJ: 20,000–30,000 (2017 est.)[118]
  • Syriac Military Council (MFS): 1,000 (2017 est.)[119]
  • Al-Sanadid Forces: 2,000–4,000 (2017 est.)[119]
  • SDF Military Councils: 10,000+[120][121][122]
United States Armed Forces:
600[123]
Casualties and losses
Syrian Arab Republic:
91,929–104,332 soldiers & 67,349 militiamen killed[124][125]
4,100 soldiers/militiamen & 1,800 supporters captured[124]
InfoboxHez.PNG Hezbollah:
1,736–2,000 killed[124][126]
Russia Russia:
137–160 soldiers killed & 266–284 PMCs killed[127]
Other non-Syrian fighters:
8,700+ killed[124] (2,300–3,500+ IRGC-led)[128][129]
Total:
170,045–182,777 killed

Syrian opposition Syrian Interim Government
Syrian Salvation Government:
111,927–152,524 killed[j][124][125]

Turkey Turkey:
256–313 killed (2016–20 incursions)[130]		 Islamic State Islamic State:
41,266 killed[124]

NES:
14,334 killed[124]
PKK:
3,200+ killed[31]

CJTF–OIR:
13 killed[131] (United States 10, United Kingdom 1, France 1, Jordan 1)

At least 306,887 civilians killed (per United Nations)[132]

100 other foreign soldiers killed (Lebanon 60, Turkey 17 (pre-2016), Iraq 16, Jordan 7)

Total killed:
503,064–613,407+ (per SOHR)[124]
580,000+ (per GCR2P)[133]

Estimated 6.7 million internally displaced & 6.6 million refugees (March 2021)[134]
  1. ^ Iraq's involvement was coordinated with the Syrian gov. & limited to airstrikes against ISIL.[1][2]
  2. ^ Since early 2013, the FSA has been decentralized. Its name is arbitrarily used by various opposition fighters
  3. ^ Turkey provided arms support to rebels since 2011 & fought alongside the SNA against SDF, IS and Syrian government since August 2016
  4. ^ a b Sep.–Nov. 2016: U.S. supported the SNA in Aleppo governorate against IS[8][9] In 2017–18, the U.S. purposely attacked the Syrian gov. 10 times, & in Sep. 2016 it accidentally hit a Syrian base, killing ≥100 SAA soldiers. Syria maintains this as intentional.[10]
  5. ^ HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS describes itself as a new independent Islamist entity free from the previous factions and distanced itself from Al-Qaeda, disavowing any ties to it:[12] After coming to power in Idlib, HTS banned Al-Qaeda activities in its territories:[13]
  6. ^ a b al-Nusra Front and IS (ISI); were allied al-Qaeda branches until April 2013. Al-Nusra Front rejected an ISI-proposed merger into ISIL & al-Qaeda cut all affiliation with ISIL in February 2014. Ahrar al-Sham and al-Nusra Front were allied under the Army of Conquest (Mar. 2015 – Jan. 2017).
  7. ^ Hurras al-Din (HaD) is the successor organization of Al-Nusra Front and the current branch of Al-Qaeda in Syria.
  8. ^ Israel provided arms to 12 unnamed rebel groups solely against Iran and ISIS.[38] Israel has also conducted multiple airstrikes against the Syrian government, Hezbollah, and Iranian positions within Syria.[39]
  9. ^ Formed in January 2017 as a merger between Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (successor of Al-Nusra Front), Liwa al-Haqq and elements of Ahrar al-Sham
    10. Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Syrian_Civil_War
    >Text je dostupný pod licencí Creative Commons Uveďte autora – Zachovejte licenci, případně za dalších podmínek. Podrobnosti naleznete na stránce Podmínky užití.
Zdroj: Wikipedia.org - čítajte viac o Syrian civil war

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