Upozornenie: Prezeranie týchto stránok je určené len pre návštevníkov nad 18 rokov!
Zásady ochrany osobných údajov.
Používaním tohto webu súhlasíte s uchovávaním cookies, ktoré slúžia na poskytovanie služieb, nastavenie reklám a analýzu návštevnosti. OK, súhlasím









A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

Tai Laing language
 
Tai Laing
  • Tai Leng
  • Tai Lai
  • Shanni
  • Shan-ni
တႆးလႅင်
Native toMyanmar
RegionKachin, Sagaing
Native speakers
100,000 (2010)[1]
Kra–Dai
Burmese script (Tai Laing variant)
Language codes
ISO 639-3tjl
Glottologtail1248

Tai Laing (Shan: တႆးလႅင်, lit.'red Tai'; variously spelt Tai Lai or Tai Nai), also known as Shan-ni (Burmese: ရှမ်းနီ, lit.'red Shan'), is a Tai language of Burma, closely related to Khamti and Shan. It is written in its own variant of Burmese script, and though not taught in schools, is experiencing a cultural revival, albeit still small. There is no census of speakers, but they are estimated to number around 100,000.

Alternate names for Tai Laing are Shan Bamar, Shan Kalee, Tai Laeng, Tai Lang, and Tai Naing.[1]

Distribution and dialects

Tai Laing is spoken in Homalin Township, Sagaing Region, along the Chindwin, Irrawaddy, and Uru rivers. It is also spoken in Kachin State from Bhamo to Myitkyina townships.[1]

There are two subgroups of Tai Laing, namely Tai Nai and Tai Lai. The Tai Nai live along the railway line between Myitkyina and Mandalay. The Tai Lai live along the river south of Myitkyina.[1]

History

The Tai Laing settled in the Indawgyi Lake valley, in modern-day Kachin State, Myanmar, establishing city-states including Mongyang, Mogaung, Wuntho,Kale,Khamti,Tsaung Tsu and Momeik.[2] Tai Laing has had long-term close contact with several Tibeto-Burman languages, including Burmese speakers to the south, Lolo-Burmese, Nungish, and Jingpho-Luish languages to the east and north and Naga languages to the west.[3] These languages have influenced the phonology and grammar of Tai Laing, including the frequency of disyllabic words and presence of different grammatical markers, and variation in word order.[3]

Following the 1962 Burmese coup d'état, restrictive language policies were promulgated by the military regime.[2] The Kachin Independence Organization also repressed Tai Laing speakers, who lived in contested territory.[2] In the 1990s, a military ceasefire enabled the Tai Laing to recover manuscripts, publish literacy books, and teach the language in summer schools.[2] During the 2011–2015 Myanmar political reforms, Khin Pyone Yee was appointed Kachin State's Minister of Shan Affairs.[2] She spearheaded a program to institutionalize Tai Laing education materials and curricula.[2]

While Tai Laing is experiencing a linguistic revival driven by youth, many Tai Laing are now bilingual or monolingual in Burmese, due to assimilation and intermarriage with Burmese speakers.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Tai Laing at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Lovett, Lorcan (2018-07-30). "Once-taboo language lives again in rural Myanmar". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  3. ^ a b Marseille, Carmen Eva (2019). "Shan-Ni grammar and processes of linguistic change". Leiden University Libraries. hdl:1887/74583.


Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Tai_Laing_language
>Text je dostupný pod licencí Creative Commons Uveďte autora – Zachovejte licenci, případně za dalších podmínek. Podrobnosti naleznete na stránce Podmínky užití.

čítajte viac o Tai_Laing_language


čítajte viac na tomto odkaze: Tai Laing language



Hladanie1.

Myanmar
Kachin State
Sagaing Region
Language family
Kra–Dai languages
Tai languages
Southwestern Tai languages
Writing system
Burmese script
ISO 639-3
Glottolog
Shan language
Tai peoples
Burmese language
Shan people
Tai language
Khamti language
Shan language
Burmese script
Homalin Township
Sagaing Region
Kachin State
Bhamo
Myitkyina
Myitkyina
Mandalay
Myitkyina
Indawgyi Lake
Kachin State
Mongyang State
Mogaung State
Wuntho
Kalay
Hkamti District
Momeik
Tibeto-Burman languages
Burmese language
Lolo-Burmese languages
Nungish languages
Jingpho–Luish languages
Naga languages
1962 Burmese coup d'état
Kachin Independence Organisation
2011–2015 Myanmar political reforms
Ethnologue
Hdl (identifier)
Template:Languages of Myanmar
Template talk:Languages of Myanmar
Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Myanmar
Languages of Myanmar
Burmese language
Myanmar English
Myanmar English
Administrative divisions of Myanmar
Chin State
Kuki-Chin languages
Northern Kuki-Chin languages
Falam language
Siyin language
Tedim language
Thadou language
Zou language
Central Kuki-Chin languages
Bawm language
Hakha Chin language
Mizo language
Ngawn language
Tawr language
Maraic languages
Lautu language
Mara language
Senthang language
Zotung language
Zyphe language
Southern Kuki-Chin languages
Daai language
Kaang language
Khumi language
Kʼchò language
Nga La language
Shö language
Songlai language
Sumtu language
Thaiphum language
Welaung language
Anu-Hkongso language
Kachin State
Sino-Tibetan languages
Achang language
Derung language
Hpon language
Jingpo language
Lashi language
Lhao Vo language
Lisu language
Nusu language
Rawang language
Zaiwa language
Khamti language
Nùng language (Tai)
Palaung language
Kayah State
Kayaw language
Karenni language
Kayin State
Bwe Karen language
Geba Karen language
Pwo Karen languages
Eastern Pwo language
Western Pwo language
S'gaw Karen language
Magway Region
Rungtu
Mon State
Mon language
Rakhine State
Rakhine language
Chakma language
Laitu language
Mro-Khimi language
Mru language
Rohingya language
Sak language
Sagaing Region
Sal languages
Khiamniungan language
Konyak language
Leinong language
Makyam language
Ponyo language
Sak language
Tangsa language
Akyaung Ari language
Anal language
Koki language
Makury language
Long Phuri language
Para language
Tangkhul language
Shan State
Austroasiatic languages
Blang language
Danau language
Palaung language
Riang language
Tai Loi language
Wa language
Sino-Tibetan languages
Akeu language
Akha language
Danu language
Geko Karen
Intha dialect
Lahta language
Lahu language
Pa'O language
Padaung language
Pyen language
Tavoyan dialects
Southwestern Mandarin
Kra–Dai languages
Khün language
Tai Lue language
Shan language
Tai Nuea language
Hmong–Mien languages
Hmong language
Tanintharyi Region
Kedah Malay
Moken language
Moklen language
S'gaw Karen language
Tavoyan dialects
Foreign language
Burmese language
Hindi language
Punjabi language
Russian language
Vietnamese language
Working language
English language
Japanese language
Korean language
Burmese sign language
Template:Kra–Dai languages
Template talk:Kra–Dai languages
Special:EditPage/Template:Kra–Dai languages
Kra–Dai languages
Kra languages
Laha language
Lachi language
Paha language
Buyang language
En language
Qabiao language
Gelao languages
Vandu language
A'ou language
Mulao language (Kra)
Hagei language
Telue language
Qau language
Kam–Sui languages
Mulam language
Kam language
Cao Miao language
Nuoxi language
Then language
Maonan language
Chadong language
Sui language
Mak language
Ai-Cham language
Biao language
Biao language
Lakkia language
Lakkia language
Hlai languages
Bouhin language
Ha Em language
Lauhut language
Tongzha language
Zandui language
Baoting language
Cun language
Nadou language
Changjiang language
Moyfaw language
Baisha language
Yuanmen language
Jiamao language
Jiamao language
Be language
Jizhao language
Be language
Jizhao language
Tai languages
Zhuang languages
Northern Tai languages
Standard Zhuang
Bouyei language
Hezhang Buyi language
Yei Zhuang language
Longsang Zhuang language
E language
Saek language
Tai Yo language
Yoy language
Tai Pao language
Central Tai languages
Nong Zhuang language
Dai Zhuang language
Min Zhuang language
Yang Zhuang language
Pyang Zhuang language
Myang Zhuang language
Nùng language (Tai)
Tày language
Tsʻün-Lao language
Southwestern Tai languages
Shan language
Tai Ya language
Tai Nuea language
Tai Long language
Tai Hongjin language
Khamti language
Phake language
Aiton language
Khamyang language
Ahom language
Turung language
Lao language
Phu Thai language
Isan language
Tai Yo language
Lao Nyo language
Kaloeng language
Thai language
Northern Thai language
Tai Daeng language
Tai Meuay language
Tai Dón language
Tai Hang Tong language
Tai Lue language
Yong language
Tai Dam language
Khün language
Phuan language
Thai Song language
Tày Tac language
Southern Thai language
Sapa language
Pa Di language
Tai Muong Vat language
Tai Thanh language
Tay Khang language
Kuan language (Laos)
Mixed language
Cao Lan language
Mixed language
Hezhang Buyi language
E language
Cao Lan language
Jiamao language
Kam–Tai languages
Proto-language
Proto-Kra–Dai language
Proto-Kra language
Proto-Tai language
Proto-Kam–Sui language
Proto-Hlai language
Language death
Kra–Dai languages
Wikipedia:Stub
Template:KraDai-lang-stub
Template talk:KraDai-lang-stub
Special:EditPage/Template:KraDai-lang-stub
Tai Laing language
Tai Laing language
Updating...x




Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok.
Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.