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Taoyuan City 桃園市[I]
Special municipality
Clockwise from top: Taoyuan District skyline, Taoyuan International Airport, Lala Mountain, Yong'an Fishing Port, HSR Taoyuan Station, Baroque architecture on Daxi Old Street, Shihmen Reservoir
Flag Logo
Coordinates: 24°59′28.6″N 121°18′51.58″E / 24.991278°N 121.3143278°E / 24.991278; 121.3143278Coordinates: 24°59′28.6″N 121°18′51.58″E / 24.991278°N 121.3143278°E / 24.991278; 121.3143278
Country	Taiwan
Seat	Taoyuan District
Districts	13 Taoyuan Zhongli Daxi Yangmei Luzhu Dayuan Guishan Bade Longtan Pingzhen Xinwu Guanyin Fuxing
Government
• Body	Taoyuan City Government Taoyuan City Council
• Mayor	Cheng Wen-tsan (DPP)
• Deputy Mayor	Chiu Tai-san[1]
Area [2][3]
• Special municipality	1,220.95 km2 (471.41 sq mi)
• Urban	1,140 km2 (440 sq mi)
• Rank	14 of 22
Population  (June 2022)[4]
• Special municipality	2,264,082
• Rank	5 of 22
• Density	1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi)
• Urban [Note 1][5]	8,535,000
• Urban density	7,500/km2 (19,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (National Standard Time)
Postal code	320-338
ISO 3166 code	TW-TAO
Bird	Formosan blue magpie (Urocissa caerulea)
Flower	Peach blossom
Tree	Peach tree
Website	www.tycg.gov.tw/eng/ (in English)
^ Refers to the Taipei-Taoyuan urban area.

Taoyuan City
Traditional Chinese	桃園市
Simplified Chinese	桃园市
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Táoyuán Shì Bopomofo ㄊㄠˊ   ㄩㄢˊ   ㄕˋ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Taur'yuan Shyh Wade–Giles Tʻao2-yüan2 Shih4 Tongyong Pinyin Táoyuán Shìh Yale Romanization Táuywán Shr̀ MPS2 Táuyuán Shr̀ IPA Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Thò-yèn-sṳ Southern Min Hokkien POJ Thô-hn̂g-chhī Tâi-lô Thô-hn̂g-tshī

Taoyuan^[I] (/ˌtaʊjuːˈɛn/) is a special municipality in northwestern Taiwan, neighboring New Taipei City to the north-east, Yilan County to the south-east, and Hsinchu County to the south-west. Taoyuan District is the seat of the municipal government and which, along with Zhongli District, forms a large metropolitan area. Taoyuan developed from a satellite city of Taipei metropolitan area to become the fourth-largest metropolitan area, and fifth-largest populated city in Taiwan. "Taoyuan" literally means "peach garden" in Chinese, since the area used to have many peach trees.

Taoyuan City is home to many industrial parks and tech company headquarters. Since commuting to the Taipei metropolitan area is easy, and its advantages of relatively low cost of living as well as less impacts by natural disasters in northern Taiwan, Taoyuan has had the fastest population growth of any city in Taiwan in recent decades.^[6] The city is also a major destination for Taiwan's largest foreign worker population, many from Southeast Asia, with more than 116,000 in 2021.^[7][8] Taoyuan International Airport, which serves the capital, Taipei and the rest of northern Taiwan, is located in this city.

History

Early history

In ancient times, the Taoyuan plateau was the home of the Taiwanese plains aborigines. In prehistory, the Ketagalan people settled in Nankan [zh]. In the early years of Dutch colonization, Spanish colonization, and Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty, there were no large-scale cultivation or industrial activities. During the Qing era, a number of people from Fujian Province and Guangdong province began to immigrate into present-day Taoyuan to develop and farm the land. They planted peach trees, which, when fully bloomed in spring, were so beautiful that the people named the land Toahong (Chinese: 桃仔園; pinyin: Táozǐyuán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thô-á-hn̂g; lit. 'peach orchard').

Empire of Japan

In November 1901, during Japanese era, a local administrative office, Toshien Chō (Japanese: 桃仔園廳), was established in the area, and renamed Tōen Chō (桃園廳) in 1905. In 1920, the Tōen area was incorporated into Shinchiku Prefecture.

During the Japanese era, the staged migration policy caused Taoyuan to develop into a city with a variety of cultures. For example, temples and worship paths (currently the Taoyuan Martyrs Shrine) symbolized cultural systems. Butokuden (武德殿) were used to represent military systems, and the old Taoyuan City Office signified political systems.

Republic of China

After the transfer from Japan to the Republic of China, the present day-area of Taoyuan City was incorporated under Hsinchu County. In 1950, Taoyuan County was established by separating it from Hsinchu County. On 21 April 1971, Taoyuan City was made the county seat of Taoyuan County. It had 6 cities, 1 urban township and 6 rural townships.

In June 2009, the Executive Yuan approved the plan to upgrade Taoyuan from a county to a special municipality.^[9] On 25 December 2014, Taoyuan County was upgraded into a special municipality of Taoyuan City (桃園市).

Geography

Taoyuan is located approximately 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Taipei, in northern Taiwan, and occupies 1,220 km² (470 sq mi). It is made up of low-lying plains, interconnected mountains and plateaus. Its shape has a long and narrow southeast-to-northwest trend, with the southeast in the Xueshan Range and the far end on the shores of the Taiwan Strait.

There are many irrigation ponds at Taoyuan Plateau, which caused Taoyuan to earn the nickname "Thousand-pond Township" (千塘之鄉).^[10]

Climate

Taoyuan has a humid subtropical climate, with mild to warm winters and hot summers, typical of northern Taiwan.

(The climate data of Taipei City is shown below for reference due to the city's proximity to Taipei.)

Ethnic composition

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1985	1,211,249	—
1990	1,355,175	+11.9%
1995	1,524,127	+12.5%
2000	1,732,617	+13.7%
2005	1,911,161	+10.3%
2010	2,002,060	+4.8%
2015	2,105,780	+5.2%
2020	2,252,835	+7.0%
Source:"Populations by city and country in Taiwan". Ministry of the Interior Population Census.

Year	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990
Population	1,093,621	1,129,576	1,160,709	1,189,752	1,211,249	1,232,209	1,259,503	1,288,626	1,320,359	1,355,175
Year	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000
Population	1,385,165	1,415,546	1,448,186	1,483,955	1,524,127	1,570,456	1,614,471	1,650,984	1,691,292	1,732,617
Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Population	1,762,963	1,792,603	1,822,075	1,853,029	1,880,316	1,911,161	1,934,968	1,958,686	1,978,782	2,002,060
Year	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Population	2,013,305	2,030,161	2,044,023	2,058,328	2,105,780	2,147,763	2,188,017	2,220,872	2,249,037	2,245,162
Year	2021
Population	2,272,391

Han Chinese

Hoklo

As of most of the cities and urban towns of Taiwan, Minnan people (Hoklos) are one of the largest ethnic groups of Taoyuan, most of whom live in northern Taoyuan (北桃園) which comprises the northern districts of Taoyuan, including Taoyuan city centre, Bade, Daxi, Dayuan, Guishan and Luzhu, and the city seat of government, Taoyuan District citycentre.

Hakka

The Hakka are the second-largest ethnic group in the city after the Minnan ethnicity (Hoklo) who won against the Hakkas in clan wars moved to the poor mountainous regions in southern Taoyuan, most of the Hakka peasants live in the rural peasant village areas of southern Taoyuan (南桃園), which includes Zhongli, Pingzhen, Yangmei, Longtan, Guanyin and Xinwu districts. With more than 785,000 Hakka people, Taoyuan hosts the largest Hakka population among all of Taiwan's administrative divisions.

Waishengren

After the Chinese Civil War, many people from mainland China (unaffectionately referred to as "Waishengren") settled in the then-Taoyuan County after the retreat of the nationalist government in 1949. Most of them live in military dependents' villages in Zhongli, Pingzhen and Guishan. Longgang is well known for its immigrants from Yunnan, featuring many Yunnan-style restaurants.

Aborigines

Most Taiwanese aborigines in the city live in Fuxing District, with most of them belonging to the Atayal people.

Economy

Taoyuan is one of the Taiwan's top industrial and technological cities. High-tech companies including Quanta, MiTAC, Inotera, Nanya Technology, HTC, CPT and AU Optronics have all opted to build or expand their factories in Taoyuan. Taoyuan has now become a bastion of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing. Over 200 of Taiwan's top 500 manufacturing companies have factories in Taoyuan. Taoyuan has also led Taiwan in terms of industrial output for nine straight years.^{[citation needed]}

There are now 29 (registered) industrial areas with 3,696 ha (9,130 acres) of non-urban industrial land and 3,131 ha (7,740 acres) of urban industrial land. There are over 6,827 ha (16,870 acres) of land available for factories and industrial use in the city, representing the fact that Taoyuan's development bureau is based on industry and commerce. There are also 9 sites (57 ha; 140 acres) for mixed industrial-commercial use, the most of any county and city in Taiwan.^[12]

On 26 March 2010, China Airlines (Taiwan's government-owned airline) moved into its new headquarters on the grounds of Taipei Taoyuan International Airport and in Dayuan Township in Taoyuan County (now Dayuan District, Taoyuan).^[13][14] EVA Air maintains its headquarters in Luzhu District.^[15] Evergreen Airlines Services Corporation, Evergreen Aviation Technologies Corp., and Evergreen Air Cargo Services Corporation, subsidiaries of Evergreen Group, are headquartered in Dayuan.^[16][17][18]

On 25 December 2016, The Asia Silicon Valley Development Agency (ASVDA) was inaugurated in northern Taoyuan City, in a governmental effort to foster innovation, promote the Internet of Things (IoT) sector and attract top-class technology talent. The Asian Silicon Valley project aimed to transform Taiwan into an R&D hub for the IoT sector as well as a global center of entrepreneurship.^[19]

Administration

Taoyuan City is divided into 12 municipal districts and 1 mountain indigenous district.^[20][21][22] The city government is located within Taoyuan District.

Type	Name	Chinese	Taiwanese	Hakka	Formosan	Area (km2)	Population
District	Bade	八德區	Pat-tek	Pat-tet		33.71	187,848
	Daxi	大溪區	Tāi-khe	Thai-hâi		105.14	93,388
	Dayuan	大園區	Tōa-hn̂g	Thai-yèn		87.39	85,667
	Guanyin	觀音區	Koan-im	Kôn-yîm		87.98	64,845
	Guishan	龜山區	Ku-soaⁿ	Kuî-sân		72.01	145,706
	Longtan	龍潭區	Liông-thâm	Liùng-thâm		75.23	118,648
	Luzhu	蘆竹區	Lô·-tek	Lù-tsuk		75.50	155,626
	Pingzhen	平鎮區	Pêng-tìn	Phìn-tsṳ́n		47.75	218,290
	Taoyuan	桃園區	Thô-hn̂g	Thò-yèn		34.80	427,815
	Xinwu	新屋區	Sin-ok	Sîn-vuk		85.02	48,469
	Yangmei	楊梅區	Iûⁿ-mûi	Yông-muì		89.12	161,301
	Zhongli	中壢區	Tiong-le̍k	Chûng-la̍k		76.52	390,251
Mountain indigenous district	Fuxing	復興區	Ho̍k-heng	Fu̍k-hîn	PyasanAtayal	350.78	10,932

Colors indicate the common language status of Hakka and Formosan languages within each division.

Prior to its upgrade to become municipality on 25 December 2014, Taoyuan County used to have 6 county-administered cities (Bade, Luzhu, Pingzhen, Taoyuan, Yangmei, Zhongli), 1 urban township (Daxi), 5 rural townships (Dayuan, Guanyin, Guishan, Longtan, Xinwu), and 1 Mountain indigenous township (Fuxing).

Tourism

Shimen Reservoir

Shihmen Reservoir is one of Taiwan's major reservoirs. Once the largest water conservancy project in Southeast Asia, visitors may find many restaurants open near the reservoir serving fresh reservoir fish delicacies. There is also a three-kilometre-long (1.9 mi) bikeway surrounding the back pond. Shimen Reservoir provides almost all of the water in Taoyuan, as well as to New Taipei City's Xinzhuang, Banqiao, and Linkou districts.

Daxi Old Street

Daxi Old Street is one of the more famous Taiwanese old streets. It used to be a bustling hub for camphor and the tea trade, filled with diverse stores with façades designed in a Baroque style. The street also has the Daxi Wood Art Ecomuseum, which includes buildings such as Daxi Butokuden and Lee Teng-fan's Ancient Residence.

Cihu Mausoleum

Cihu Mausoleum is the final resting place of the former president of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek.

Window on China Theme Park

The Window on China Theme Park is one of Taiwan's earliest theme parks, established in 1984. The park consists of three areas: Mini World, Water Park, and Amusement Park. The park features numerous small-scale replicas of many famous world landmarks.

Lala Mountain

Lala Mountain is one of Taiwan's "natural protection zones," including 500- to 2,800-year-old divine trees and the "No. 5 Divine Tree," which predates Confucius.

Furen Temple

Furen Temple was established in 1813, dedicated to Kai Zhang Sheng Wang and the temple is located along Daxi Old Street in Daxi District.

Tianhou Temple

Tianhou Temple was established in 1826, and is located in Xinwu District. The temple built a magnificent bronze statue of Goddess Mazu in 2002, which is the 2nd-tallest statue of Mazu in Taiwan and the 3rd-tallest in the world.

Taoyuan Martyrs' Shrineedit

Taoyuan Martyrs' Shrine is one of the best-kept Shinto shrines outside Japan.

Longgang Mosqueedit

The Longgang Mosque in Zhongli District is Taiwan's fifth mosque. It was originally built in 1967 to serve an area with many Taiwanese Muslims.

Taoyuan Aquarium X PARKedit

X PARK is a public aquarium operated by Yokohama Hakkeijima. The Taiwanese sea-themed tank "Formosa" is popular.

• 

  Shihmen Reservoir

• 

  Cihu Mausoleum of Chiang Kai-shek

• 

  Longgang Mosque

Government and politicsedit

Mayoredit

In 2001, Eric Chu of the Kuomintang defeated Democratic Progressive Party incumbent Peng Shao-Chin in the race for Taoyuan County magistrate. Peng had inherited the magistrate position after Annette Lu vacated the post to serve as vice president. Chu ran for re-election in 2005 and defeated DPP challenger Pao-Ching Cheng, CEO of the Taiwan Salt Company.

In 2009, John Wu of the KMT defeated his DPP opponent, Cheng Wen-tsan and became the Magistrate of Taoyuan County.

After the upgrade of Taoyuan County to Taoyuan City, Cheng Wen-tsan of the DPP won the 2014 Taoyuan City mayoralty election, on 29 November 2014, and became the city's first mayor, starting 25 December 2014.^[23]

Presidential electionsedit

1996 presidential electionedit

A majority of Taoyuan County residents voted for eventual winner Lee Teng-hui and vice president Lien Chan.

2000 presidential electionedit

Party		Candidate		Votes	Percentage
		President	Vice President
	Independent	James Soong	Chang Chau-Hsiung	413,370	43.83%
	Kuomintang	Lien Chan	Vincent Siew	208,881	22.15%
	New Party	Li Ao	Elmer Fung	1,140	0.12%
	Independent	Hsu Hsin-liang	Josephine Chu	20,581	2.18%
	Democratic Progressive Party	Chen Shui-bian	Annette Lu	299,120	31.72%

2004 Presidential electionedit

Party		Candidate		Votes	Percentage
		President	Vice President
	Democratic Progressive Party	Chen Shui-Bian	Annette Lu	448,770	44.68%
	Kuomintang	Lien Chan	James Soong	555,688	55.32%

2008 presidential electionedit

Party		Candidate		Votes	Percentage
		President	Vice President
	Democratic Progressive Party	Frank Hsieh	Su Tseng-Chang	379,416	35.36%
	Kuomintang	Ma Ying-jeou	Vincent Siew	693,602	64.64%

2012 presidential electionedit

Party		Candidate		Votes	Percentage
		President	Vice President
	Democratic Progressive Party	Tsai Ing-Wen	Su Jia-chyuan	445,308	39.85%
	Kuomintang	Ma Ying-jeou	Wu Den-yih	639,151	57.20%
	Independent (or seen as PFP)	James Soong	Lin Ruey-shiung	32,927	2.95%

2016 presidential electionedit

Party		Candidate		Votes	Percentage
		President	Vice President
	Democratic Progressive Party	Tsai Ing-Wen	Chen Chien-jen	547,573	51.03%
	Kuomintang	Eric Chu	Wang Ju-hsuan	369,013	34.39
	People First Party	James Soong	Hsu Hsin-ying	156,518	14.59

2020 presidential electionedit

Party		Candidate		Votes	Percentage
		President	Vice President
	Democratic Progressive Party	Tsai Ing-Wen	William Lai	718,260	54.78%
	Kuomintang	Han Kuo-yu	Chang San-cheng	529,749	40.40%
	People First Party	James Soong	Sandra Yu	63,132	4.81%

Educationedit

Public universitiesedit

• Central Police University
• National Central University
• National Defense University
• National Taiwan Sport University

Private universitiesedit

• Chang Gung University
• Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology
• Chung Yuan Christian University
• Kainan University
• Lunghwa University of Science and Technology
• Vanung University
• Yuan Ze University

Military Academiesedit

• Army Academy R.O.C.
• Republic of China Army Communication, Electronics and Information School
• Republic of China Army Chemical School
• Republic of China Army Logistics School
• Republic of China Military Police School

Public high schoolsedit

• The Affiliated Jhongli Senior High School of National Central University^[24]
• Taoyuan Municipal Nei Li Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Taoyuan Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Yang Mei Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Yang Ming Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Wu-Ling Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Dasi Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Dayuan International Senior High School^[25]
• Taoyuan Municipal Nankan Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Pingjen Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Shoushan Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Yung-Feng High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Yungfong Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Xinwu High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Longtan Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal LuoFu Senior High School
• Taoyuan Municipal Guanyin High School

Junior high schoolsedit

Elementary schoolsedit

Industry and environmentedit

A former RCA facility is located in the city. The RCA facility is the source of significant trichloroethylene contamination.

Sportsedit

The Taoyuan International Baseball Stadium is home to the Rakuten Monkeys of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL).

The Taoyuan County Stadium, built in 1993, is a multi-use stadium used mostly for football matches that also has an athletics track. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 spectators.^[26] It is within walking distance southwest from Taoyuan Senior High School Station of the Taiwan Railway Administration.

The Taoyuan Arena, also built in 1993, is an indoor sporting arena located in Taoyuan District. The concept of its roof structure was based on the bicycle structure, the outer ring (to bear pressure) and inner tire (to bear tensile strength) of the bicycle wheels are connected by cable wires. It occupies an area of 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) with a capacity of 15,000 spectators.^[27] It is used to host indoor sporting events, such as basketball and volleyball.

The then-Taoyuan County is also the birthplace of Taiwanese professional golfer Yani Tseng and taekwondo athlete Chu Mu-Yen.

Recent major sporting events held by Taoyuan include:

• 2004 Asian Karate Championships
• 2011 BWF World Junior Championships
• 2015 Asia Pacific Deaf Games
• 2015 WBSC Premier12 (co-hosted with Taichung, Taipei, and Yunlin (Douliu))
• 2018 World Taekwondo Grand Prix (Series 3)
• 2019 WBSC Premier12 (co-hosted with Taichung)
• 2019 Asian Airgun Championships

Notable personedit

• Yani Tseng (Guishan District)
• Jerry Yan
• Cheng Wen-tsan (Bade District)

Transportationedit

Railedit

Taiwan Railways Administration Western Line（Taoyuan - Neili - Zhongli - Puxin - Yangmei - Fugang - Xinfu）

• Taiwan High Speed Rail

Taoyuan Station is located at the Qingpu (青埔) area, in Zhongli District.

Mass Rapid Transitedit

The rapid transit system of the city is Taoyuan Metro and is operational since April 2017.

• Lines and stations of the Taoyuan MRT System:

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Line			Termini		Length (km)	Total Length (km)	Status
	Taoyuan Airport MRT		Taipei	Huanbei	51.03	53.09	In operation
			Huanbei	Zhongli	2.06		Under construction
			Zhongli	Zhongli Sports Park	TBD		Planning
	Green	Main Line	Bade	Kengkou	27.8	39.33	Under construction
				Hengshan
		Zhongli Extension	Bade	Zhongli Sports Park	7.2		Planning
		Daxi Extension	Bade	Puding	4.33		Planning
	Orange	Taoyuan-Pingzhen Line	Taoyuan Arena	TBD	21	29	Planning
		Pingzhen-Longtan Line	TBD	Longtan	8		Planning