A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
William Loughton Smith | |
---|---|
![]() | |
United States Minister to Portugal | |
In office September 8, 1797 – September 9, 1801 | |
President | John Adams Thomas Jefferson |
Preceded by | David Humphreys |
Succeeded by | Thomas Sumter Jr. |
Chair of the House Ways and Means Committee | |
In office 1794–1797 | |
Preceded by | Thomas Fitzsimons |
Succeeded by | Robert G. Harper |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 1st district | |
In office April 13, 1789[1] – July 10, 1797 | |
Preceded by | Constituency established |
Succeeded by | Thomas Pinckney |
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Charles Town (St. James, Goose Creek) | |
In office January 3, 1785 – May 22, 1789 | |
Personal details | |
Born | William Loughton Smith October 2, 1758 Charles Town, Province of South Carolina, British America |
Died | December 19, 1812 Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. | (aged 54)
Political party | Federalist |
Spouses | |
Children | 4 (2 per marriage) |
Parent(s) | Benjamin Smith Anne Loughton |
Relatives | Ralph Izard (father-in-law, first marriage) |
Education | Middle Temple |
Occupation | politician |
William Loughton Smith (1758 – December 19, 1812) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from Charleston, South Carolina. He represented South Carolina as a Federalist in the United States House of Representatives from 1789 until 1797, during which time he served as chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means.
Early life and legal career
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Smith.svg/175px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Smith.svg.png)
Smith was born in Charles Town in the Province of South Carolina in 1758 to Benjamin Smith and Anne Loughton.[3] His father earned his fortune as an importer of British luxury goods (primarily furniture and high-end silverware) into Charleston. His father's considerable wealth allowed him to sit out the Revolutionary War while obtaining his education in Europe.[4]
In 1774, Smith studied law at the Middle Temple in London, Great Britain and continued his studies in Geneva from 1774 to 1778.[5] Smith remained in Europe for the remainder of the American Revolutionary War.[3]
In 1783, Smith returned to South Carolina. He was admitted to the bar in 1784 and began practicing law in Charleston and he quickly became locally famous as the most able lawyer in Charleston.[5]
Political career
In 1784, Smith served as a member of the South Carolina privy council.[5] In 1786, Smith was elected warden of the city of Charleston in 1786, equivalent to a city council member today. From 1787 to 1788, Smith served in the South Carolina House of Representatives.[5]
Smith was known for being outspokenly pro-George Washington and was elected as a Pro-Administration candidate to the First Congress in 1788 to South Carolina's 1st congressional district. His election was contested by his opponent David Ramsey, who claimed that, because Smith had only returned to the newly founded United States in 1783, he had not been a U.S. citizen for seven years, a constitutional requirement for election to the House. This was the first invocation of Congress's power, established under Article I, Section 5 of the Constitution, to serve as the "Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members"; the House found that Smith was qualified, with James Madison noting that "it is an established maxim, that birth is the criterion of allegiance."[6] During the Washington administration, Smith accompanied Washington on tours of Rhode Island and the Southern states.[7]
Smith was subsequently reelected to the Second Congress and Third Congress. Smith later joined the Federalist Party and was reelected to the Fourth and Fifth Congress under that ticket. In the Third Congress, Smith served as chair of the Committee on Elections. In the Fourth and Fifth Congresses, Smith served as chair of the Committee on Ways and Means.[5]
As chair of the Committee on Ways and Means, Smith acted as a Federalist floor leader and was known as a close collaborator and House spokesman for Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton.
On July 10, 1797, Smith resigned from Congress to serve as United States Ambassador to Portugal. He held the position until September 9, 1801, when he was recalled and took a leave of absence. Smith returned to Charleston and ran for Congress again in 1804, 1806, and 1808, but lost all of those elections to the Democratic-Republican Party candidate Robert Marion.[5]
In 1808, Smith was commissioned as a lieutenant in the South Carolina Militia. That same year, Smith was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives.[5]
Later life and death
Following his career in politics, Smith served as president of the Santee Canal Company, vice president of the Charleston Library Society, and vice president of the St. Cecilia Society.[5]
Smith died of an illness in Charleston, S.C., December 19, 1812. He was interred in St. Philip's Churchyard.[5][3]
Political views
In a special session of United States Congress called by John Adams in 1797, Smith introduced ten resolutions calling for increased naval defense and shore fortifications in response to the growing crisis in Franco-American relations.[8]
Smith was opposed to the emancipation of slaves, believing it would benefit neither whites nor blacks. As he explained on the floor of the House of Representatives on March 17, 1790:
"If the blacks did not intermarry with the whites, they would remain black until the end of time; for it was not contended that liberating them would whitewash them; if they did intermarry with the whites, then the white race would be extinct, and the American people would all be of mulatto breed. In whatever light, therefore, the subject was viewed, the folly of emancipation was manifest."
In 1808, his politics shifted away from Alexander Hamilton and toward Thomas Jefferson, with Smith embracing the Embargo Act of 1807 as a way to increase the U.S.'s self-sufficiency.[3]
References
- ^ Matthews, Albert, ed. (1917). Journal of William Loughton Smith, 1790–1791 (PDF). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Nichols, David A. (1999). "Smith, William Louhgton (1758-1812), congressman, diplomat, and essayist". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved May 22, 2022. (subscription required)
- ^ a b c d Massey, Gregory D. "Smith, William Loughton". South Carolina Encyclopedia. University of South Carolina. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ^ Pasley, Jeffrey L. (2013). The first presidential contest : 1796 and the founding of American democracy. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7006-1907-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "SMITH, William Loughton, (1758 - 1812)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ^ "The First House-Contested Election | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives".
- ^ Nathaniel Philbrick (2021). Travels with George: In Search of Washington and His Legacy. Viking. p. 206.
- ^ DeConde, Alexander (1966). The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797-1801. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 31.
External links
>Text je dostupný pod licencí Creative Commons Uveďte autora – Zachovejte licenci, případně za dalších podmínek. Podrobnosti naleznete na stránce Podmínky užití.
List of ambassadors of the United States to Portugal
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
David Humphreys (soldier)
United States House Committee on Ways and Means
Thomas Fitzsimons
Robert G. Harper
United States House of Representatives
South Carolina
South Carolina's 1st congressional district
Thomas Pinckney
South Carolina House of Representatives
Charleston, South Carolina
Goose Creek, South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina
Province of South Carolina
British America
Charleston, South Carolina
South Carolina
U.S.
Federalist Party (United States)
Ralph Izard
Middle Temple
Charleston, South Carolina
South Carolina
Federalist Party (United States)
United States House of Representatives
United States House Committee on Ways and Means
File:Coat of Arms of Thomas Smith.svg
Charleston, South Carolina
Province of South Carolina
American Revolutionary War
Middle Temple
Kingdom of Great Britain
American Revolutionary War
1st United States Congress
South Carolina's 1st congressional district
Article One of the United States Constitution#Clause 1: Qualifications of Members
James Madison
2nd United States Congress
3rd United States Congress
Federalist Party
4th United States Congress
5th United States Congress
United States House Committee on Elections
United States House Committee on Ways and Means
United States House Committee on Ways and Means
Federalist Party
United States Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
United States Ambassador to Portugal
Democratic-Republican Party
Robert Marion
Charleston Library Society
St. Cecilia Society
United States Congress
John Adams
Quasi-War
Embargo Act of 1807
American National Biography
University of South Carolina
ISBN (identifier)
Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1907-8
United States Congress
Nathaniel Philbrick
United States House of Representatives
List of United States representatives from South Carolina
South Carolina's 1st congressional district
Thomas Pinckney
John Quincy Adams
United States Ambassador to Portugal
Template:US Ambassadors to Portugal
Template talk:US Ambassadors to Portugal
Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to Portugal
List of ambassadors of the United States to Portugal
Portugal
David Humphreys (soldier)
Thomas Sumter Jr.
John Graham (diplomat)
Henry Dearborn
Thomas L. L. Brent
Edward Kavanagh
Washington Barrow
Abraham Rencher
George Washington Hopkins
James Brown Clay
Charles Brickett Haddock
John L. O'Sullivan
John L. O'Sullivan
George W. Morgan
Samuel Shellabarger (Ohio politician)
Benjamin Moran
Benjamin Moran
John M. Francis
Edward Parke Custis Lewis
George B. Loring
George Sherman Batcheller
Gilbert A. Pierce
Lawrence Townsend
John N. Irwin
Francis B. Loomis
Charles Page Bryan
Henry T. Gage
Edwin Vernon Morgan
Cyrus Woods
Fred Morris Dearing
John Glover South
Robert Granville Caldwell
Herbert Pell
Bert Fish
Raymond Henry Norweb
Raymond Henry Norweb
Herman B. Baruch
John Cooper Wiley
Lincoln MacVeagh
Cavendish W. Cannon
M. Robert Guggenheim
Charles Burke Elbrick
George Whelan Anderson Jr.
William Tapley Bennett Jr.
Ridgway B. Knight
Stuart Nash Scott
Frank Carlucci
Richard J. Bloomfield
H. Allen Holmes
Frank J. Shakespeare
Edward Morgan Rowell
Everett Ellis Briggs
Elizabeth Bagley
Gerald S. McGowan
John N. Palmer
Al Hoffman Jr.
Thomas F. Stephenson
Allan J. Katz
Robert A. Sherman
George Edward Glass
Randi Levine
Template:US House Ways and Means chairs
Template talk:US House Ways and Means chairs
Special:EditPage/Template:US House Ways and Means chairs
United States House Committee on Ways and Means
Thomas Fitzsimons
Robert Goodloe Harper
Roger Griswold
John Randolph of Roanoke
Joseph Clay
George W. Campbell
John Wayles Eppes
Ezekiel Bacon
Langdon Cheves
John Wayles Eppes
William Lowndes (congressman)
Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)
Louis McLane
John Randolph of Roanoke
George McDuffie
Gulian C. Verplanck
James K. Polk
Churchill C. Cambreleng
John Winston Jones
Millard Fillmore
James Iver McKay
Samuel Finley Vinton
Thomas H. Bayly
George S. Houston
Lewis D. Campbell
Jehu Glancy Jones
John S. Phelps
John Sherman
Thaddeus Stevens
Justin S. Morrill
Robert C. Schenck
Samuel Hooper
Henry L. Dawes
William Ralls Morrison
Fernando Wood
John Randolph Tucker (politician)
William D. Kelley
William Ralls Morrison
Roger Q. Mills
William McKinley
William McKendree Springer
William Lyne Wilson
Nelson Dingley Jr.
Sereno E. Payne
Oscar Underwood
Claude Kitchin
Joseph W. Fordney
William R. Green
Willis C. Hawley
James Collier (politician)
Robert L. Doughton
Harold Knutson
Robert L. Doughton
Daniel A. Reed (politician)
Jere Cooper
Wilbur Mills
Al Ullman
Dan Rostenkowski
Sam Gibbons
Bill Archer
Bill Thomas
Charles Rangel
Sander Levin
Dave Camp
Paul Ryan
Sam Johnson
Kevin Brady
Richard Neal
Jason Smith (American politician)
File:Seal of the United States House of Representatives.svg
Q2579645#identifiers|class=noprint|Edit this at Wikidata
Q2579645#identifiers|class=noprint|Edit this at Wikidata
Help:Authority control
Q2579645#identifiers
William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
Main Page
Wikipedia:Contents
Portal:Current events
Special:Random
Wikipedia:About
Wikipedia:Contact us
Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm source=donate&utm medium=sidebar&utm campaign=C13 en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en
Help:Contents
Help:Introduction
Wikipedia:Community portal
Special:RecentChanges
Wikipedia:File upload wizard
Main Page
Special:Search
Help:Introduction
Special:MyContributions
Special:MyTalk
William L. Smith
ويليام لوجتون سميث
William L. Smith
Special:EntityPage/Q2579645#sitelinks-wikipedia
William Loughton Smith
Talk:William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
Special:WhatLinksHere/William Loughton Smith
Special:RecentChangesLinked/William Loughton Smith
Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard
Special:SpecialPages
Special:EntityPage/Q2579645
Category:William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
Main Page
Wikipedia:Contents
Portal:Current events
Special:Random
Wikipedia:About
Wikipedia:Contact us
Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm source=donate&utm medium=sidebar&utm campaign=C13 en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en
Help:Contents
Help:Introduction
Wikipedia:Community portal
Special:RecentChanges
Wikipedia:File upload wizard
Main Page
Special:Search
Help:Introduction
Special:MyContributions
Special:MyTalk
William L. Smith
ويليام لوجتون سميث
William L. Smith
Special:EntityPage/Q2579645#sitelinks-wikipedia
William Loughton Smith
Talk:William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
Special:WhatLinksHere/William Loughton Smith
Special:RecentChangesLinked/William Loughton Smith
Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard
Special:SpecialPages
Special:EntityPage/Q2579645
Category:William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
Main Page
Wikipedia:Contents
Portal:Current events
Special:Random
Wikipedia:About
Wikipedia:Contact us
Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm source=donate&utm medium=sidebar&utm campaign=C13 en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en
Help:Contents
Help:Introduction
Wikipedia:Community portal
Special:RecentChanges
Wikipedia:File upload wizard
Main Page
Special:Search
Help:Introduction
Special:MyContributions
Special:MyTalk
William L. Smith
ويليام لوجتون سميث
William L. Smith
Special:EntityPage/Q2579645#sitelinks-wikipedia
William Loughton Smith
Talk:William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
William Loughton Smith
Special:WhatLinksHere/William Loughton Smith
Special:RecentChangesLinked/William Loughton Smith
Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard
Special:SpecialPages
Special:EntityPage/Q2579645
Category:William Loughton Smith
Updating...x
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative
Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších
podmienok.
Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky
použitia.