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Ambassador of the United States to the State of Israel שגריר ארצות הברית לישראל سفير الولايات المتحدة لدى إسرائيل | |
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![]() Seal of the United States Department of State | |
since November 5, 2023 | |
Nominator | The President of the United States |
Appointer | The President with Senate advice and consent |
Inaugural holder | James Grover McDonald as Ambassador |
Formation | March 28, 1949 |
Website | U.S. Embassy - Jerusalem |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shapiro_presenting_credentials_to_Peres_2011-08-03.jpg/220px-Shapiro_presenting_credentials_to_Peres_2011-08-03.jpg)
The United States ambassador to Israel is the official representative of the president of the United States to the head of state of Israel.
Until 1948 the area that is now the state of Israel had been under British administration as part of the League of Nations/United Nations British Mandate for Palestine. On May 14, 1948, the British government unilaterally terminated the mandate. On the same day, the Jewish Agency, under future Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion, declared independence and named the country Israel. The United States immediately recognized the nation and moved to establish diplomatic relations. The first U.S. ambassador commissioned to Israel was James Grover McDonald, who presented his credentials to the government of Israel on March 28, 1949.[1] The ambassador holds the title Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
The embassy of the United States in Israel is located at 14 David Flusser Street in Jerusalem.
Ambassadors and chiefs of mission
U.S. diplomatic terms |
---|
Career FSO After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time. Political appointee A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends). Appointed The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office. Presented credentials The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely. Terminated mission Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy. Chargé d'affaires The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. Ad interim Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime". |
Image | Name | Appointed | Presented credentials | Terminated mission |
---|---|---|---|---|
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James Grover McDonald – Political appointee | March 18, 1949 | March 28, 1949 | December 13, 1950 |
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Monnett Bain Davis – Career FSO | February 1, 1951 | February 26, 1951 | Died at post December 26, 1953 |
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Edward B. Lawson – Career FSO | April 9, 1954 | November 12, 1954 | February 17, 1959 |
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Ogden Rogers Reid – Political Appointee | June 5, 1959 | July 2, 1959 | Left Israel January 19, 1961 |
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Walworth Barbour – Career FSO | May 11, 1961 | June 12, 1961 | January 19, 1973 |
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Kenneth B. Keating – Political appointee | June 22, 1973 | August 28, 1973 | Died in New York May 5, 1975[2] |
![]() |
Malcolm Toon – Career FSO | June 9, 1975 | July 10, 1975 | December 27, 1976 |
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Samuel W. Lewis – Career FSO | April 26, 1977 | May 25, 1977 | May 31, 1985 |
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Thomas R. Pickering – Career FSO | July 12, 1985 | August 6, 1985 | December 28, 1988 |
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William Andreas Brown – Career FSO[3] | November 22, 1988 | December 29, 1988 | January 7, 1992 |
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William Caldwell Harrop – Career FSO | November 21, 1991 | January 21, 1992 | May 7, 1993 |
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Edward Djerejian – Career FSO | November 22, 1993 | January 13, 1994 | August 9, 1994 |
![]() |
Martin Indyk – Political appointee | March 4, 1995 | April 10, 1995 | September 27, 1997 |
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Edward S. Walker, Jr. – Career FSO | November 10, 1997 | December 24, 1997 | January 23, 2000 |
![]() |
Martin Indyk – Political appointee | November 16, 1999 | January 25, 2000 | July 13, 2001 |
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Daniel C. Kurtzer – Career FSO | July 12, 2001 | July 18, 2001 | July 17, 2005 |
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Richard Henry Jones – Career FSO | August 2, 2005 | September 26, 2005 | April 27, 2008 |
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James B. Cunningham – Career FSO | June 30, 2008 | September 17, 2008 | May 21, 2011 |
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Daniel B. Shapiro – Political appointee | July 8, 2011[4] | August 3, 2011 | January 20, 2017 |
![]() |
David M. Friedman – Political appointee | March 23, 2017 | May 15, 2017 | January 20, 2021 |
![]() |
Thomas R. Nides – Political appointee | November 3, 2021 | December 5, 2021 | July 21, 2023 |
![]() |
Stephanie Hallett – Career FSO - Chargé d'affaires ad interim | July 21, 2023[5] | N/A | November 5, 2023 |
![]() |
Jack Lew - Political appointee | October 31, 2023[6] | November 5, 2023 | Incumbent |
List source:[7]
Notes
- ^ "Israel". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
- ^ Ambassador Keating had departed Tel Aviv on March 31, 1975 for consultations on the reassessment of American policy in the Middle East and died in New York on May 5.
- ^ Brown was commissioned during a recess of the Senate; his nomination of May 24, 1988 had not been acted upon by the Senate. He was recommissioned October 2, 1989 after confirmation.
- ^ "Swearing-In Ceremony for Dan Shapiro, Ambassador to Israel". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2011-10-18. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
- ^ "Stephanie Hallett replaces Tom Nides as US ambassador to Israel". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2023-07-21. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
- ^ Looker, Rachel (October 31, 2023). "Jack Lew confirmed as ambassador to Israel as the country's war rages on with Hamas". USA Today – via Yahoo! News.
- ^ "Chiefs of Mission for Israel". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
See also
- Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem
- Israel - United States relations
- Foreign relations of Israel
- Ambassadors of the United States
References
- United States Department of State: Background notes on Israel
This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.
External links
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File:Jacob J. Lew, U.S. Ambassador.jpg
Jack Lew
President of the United States
President of the United States
United States Senate
Advice and consent
James Grover McDonald
File:Shapiro presenting credentials to Peres 2011-08-03.jpg
Head of state
Israel
Mandatory Palestine
Jewish Agency
David Ben-Gurion
Diplomatic recognition
Diplomatic relations
James Grover McDonald
Letter of credence
Embassy of the United States in Israel
Jerusalem
United States Department of State
United States Foreign Service
United States Senate
Recess appointment
Letter of Credence
Chargé d'affaires
Latin phrase
Letter of credence
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James Grover McDonald
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Monnett Bain Davis
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Edward B. Lawson
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Ogden Rogers Reid
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Walworth Barbour
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Kenneth B. Keating
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Malcolm Toon
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Samuel W. Lewis
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Thomas R. Pickering
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William Andreas Brown
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William Caldwell Harrop
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Edward Djerejian
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Martin Indyk
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Edward S. Walker, Jr.
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Martin Indyk
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Daniel C. Kurtzer
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Richard Jones (U.S. diplomat)
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James B. Cunningham
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Daniel B. Shapiro
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David M. Friedman
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Thomas R. Nides
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Stephanie Hallett
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Jack Lew
Recess appointment
Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem
Israel - United States relations
Foreign relations of Israel
Ambassadors of the United States
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Template:US Ambassadors to Israel
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Israel
James Grover McDonald
Monnett Bain Davis
Edward B. Lawson
Ogden Reid
Walworth Barbour
Kenneth Keating
Malcolm Toon
Samuel W. Lewis
Thomas R. Pickering
William Andreas Brown
William C. Harrop
Edward Djerejian
Martin Indyk
Edward S. Walker Jr.
Martin Indyk
Daniel C. Kurtzer
Richard Jones (U.S. diplomat)
James B. Cunningham
Daniel B. Shapiro
David M. Friedman
Thomas R. Nides
Jack Lew
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Template:Ambassadors of the United States
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