This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Orders of magnitude" numbers – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities and probabilities. Each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in English-speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.

Smaller than 10⁻¹⁰⁰ (one googolth)

• Mathematics – random selections: Approximately 10^−183,800 is a rough first estimate of the probability that a typing "monkey", or an English-illiterate typing robot, when placed in front of a typewriter, will type out William Shakespeare's play Hamlet as its first set of inputs, on the precondition it typed the needed number of characters.^[1] However, demanding correct punctuation, capitalization, and spacing, the probability falls to around 10^−360,783.^[2]
• Computing: 2.2×10⁻⁷⁸⁹¹³ is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by an octuple-precision IEEE floating-point value.
  • 1×10⁻⁶¹⁷⁶ is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.
  • 6.5×10⁻⁴⁹⁶⁶ is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE floating-point value.
  • 3.6×10⁻⁴⁹⁵¹ is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by an 80-bit x86 double-extended IEEE floating-point value.
  • 1×10⁻³⁹⁸ is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.
  • 4.9×10⁻³²⁴ is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE floating-point value.
  • 1.5×10⁻¹⁵⁷ is approximately equal to the probability that in a randomly selected group of 365 people, all of them will have different birthdays.^[3]
  • 1×10⁻¹⁰¹ is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.

10⁻¹⁰⁰ to 10⁻³⁰

• Mathematics: The chances of shuffling a standard 52-card deck in any specific order is around 1.24×10⁻⁶⁸ (or exactly 1⁄52!)^[4]
• Computing: The number 1.4×10⁻⁴⁵ is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value.

10⁻³⁰

(0.000000000000000000000000000001; 1000⁻¹⁰; short scale: one nonillionth; long scale: one quintillionth)

ISO: quecto- (q)

• Mathematics: The probability in a game of bridge of all four players getting a complete suit each is approximately 4.47×10⁻²⁸.^[5]

10⁻²⁷

(0.000000000000000000000000001; 1000⁻⁹; short scale: one octillionth; long scale: one quadrilliardth)

ISO: ronto- (r)

10⁻²⁴

(0.000000000000000000000001; 1000⁻⁸; short scale: one septillionth; long scale: one quadrillionth)

ISO: yocto- (y)

10⁻²¹

(0.000000000000000000001; 1000⁻⁷; short scale: one sextillionth; long scale: one trilliardth)

ISO: zepto- (z)

• Mathematics: The probability of matching 20 numbers for 20 in a game of keno is approximately 2.83 × 10⁻¹⁹.
• Mathematics: The odds of a perfect bracket in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament are 1 in 2⁶³, approximately 1.08 × 10⁻¹⁹, if coin flips are used to predict the winners of the 63 matches.^[6]

10⁻¹⁸

(0.000000000000000001; 1000⁻⁶; short scale: one quintillionth; long scale: one trillionth)

ISO: atto- (a)

• Mathematics: The probability of rolling snake eyes 10 times in a row on a pair of fair dice is about 2.74×10⁻¹⁶.

10⁻¹⁵

(0.000000000000001; 1000⁻⁵; short scale: one quadrillionth; long scale: one billiardth)

ISO: femto- (f)

• Mathematics: The Ramanujan constant, ${\displaystyle e^{\pi {\sqrt {163}}}=262\,537\,412\,640\,768\,743.999\,999\,999\,999\,25\ldots ,}$ is an almost integer, differing from the nearest integer by approximately 7.5×10⁻¹³.

10⁻¹²

(0.000000000001; 1000⁻⁴; short scale: one trillionth; long scale: one billionth)

ISO: pico- (p)

• Mathematics: The probability in a game of bridge of one player getting a complete suit is approximately 2.52×10⁻¹¹ (0.00000000252%).
• Biology: Human visual sensitivity to 1000 nm light is approximately 1.0×10⁻¹⁰ of its peak sensitivity at 555 nm.^[7]

10⁻⁹

(0.000000001; 1000⁻³; short scale: one billionth; long scale: one milliardth)

ISO: nano- (n)

• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the US Powerball lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of October 2015^[update], are 292,201,338 to 1 against, for a probability of 3.422×10⁻⁹ (0.0000003422%).
• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the Australian Powerball lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of April 2018^[update], are 134,490,400 to 1 against, for a probability of 7.435×10⁻⁹ (0.0000007435%).
• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of August 2009^[update], are 13,983,815 to 1 against, for a probability of 7.151×10⁻⁸ (0.000007151%).

10⁻⁶

(0.000001; 1000⁻²; long and short scales: one millionth)

ISO: micro- (μ)

• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a royal flush in poker are 649,739 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.5×10⁻⁶ (0.00015%).^[8]
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a straight flush (other than a royal flush) in poker are 72,192 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4×10⁻⁵ (0.0014%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a four of a kind in poker are 4,164 to 1 against, for a probability of 2.4×10⁻⁴ (0.024%).

10⁻³

(0.001; 1000⁻¹; one thousandth)

ISO: milli- (m)

• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a full house in poker are 693 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10⁻³ (0.14%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a flush in poker are 507.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.9 × 10⁻³ (0.19%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a straight in poker are 253.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 4 × 10⁻³ (0.39%).
• Physics: α = 0.007297352570(5), the fine-structure constant.

10⁻²

(0.01; one hundredth)

ISO: centi- (c)

• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning any prize in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2003, are 54 to 1 against, for a probability of about 0.018 (1.8%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a three of a kind in poker are 46 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.021 (2.1%).
• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning any prize in the Powerball, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2015, are 24.87 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.0402 (4.02%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt two pair in poker are 21 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.048 (4.8%).

10⁻¹

(0.1; one tenth)

ISO: deci- (d)

• Legal history: 10% was widespread as the tax raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period; see tithe.
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against (2.37 to 1), for a probability of 0.42 (42%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt no pair in poker are nearly 1 to 2, for a probability of about 0.5 (50%).

10⁰

(1; one)

• Demography: The population of Monowi, an incorporated village in Nebraska, United States, was one in 2010.
• Religion: One is the number of gods in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (monotheistic religions).
• Computing – Unicode: One character is assigned to the Lisu Supplement Unicode block, the fewest of any public-use Unicode block as of Unicode 15.0 (2022).
• Mathematics: √2 ≈ 1.414213562373095049, the ratio of the diagonal of a square to its side length.
• Mathematics: φ ≈ 1.618033988749894848, the golden ratio.
• Mathematics: √3 ≈ 1.732050807568877293, the ratio of the diagonal of a unit cube.
• Mathematics: the number system understood by most computers, the binary system, uses 2 digits: 0 and 1.
• Mathematics: √5 ≈ 2.236 067 9775, the correspondent to the diagonal of a rectangle whose side lengths are 1 and 2.
• Mathematics: √2 + 1 ≈ 2.414213562373095049, the silver ratio; the ratio of the smaller of the two quantities to the larger quantity is the same as the ratio of the larger quantity to the sum of the smaller quantity and twice the larger quantity.
• Mathematics: e ≈ 2.718281828459045087, the base of the natural logarithm.
• Mathematics: the number system understood by ternary computers, the ternary system, uses 3 digits: 0, 1, and 2.
• Religion: three manifestations of God in the Christian Trinity.
• Mathematics: π ≈ 3.141592653589793238, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.
• Religion: the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism.
• Biology: 7 ± 2, in cognitive science, George A. Miller's estimate of the number of objects that can be simultaneously held in human working memory.
• Music: 7 notes in a major or minor scale.
• Astronomy: 8 planets in the Solar System.
• Religion: the Noble Eightfold Path in Buddhism.
• Literature: 9 circles of Hell in the Inferno by Dante Alighieri.

10¹

(10; ten)

ISO: deca- (da)

• Demography: The population of Pesnopoy, a village in Bulgaria, was 10 in 2007.
• Human scale: There are 10 digits on a pair of human hands, and 10 toes on a pair of human feet.
• Mathematics: The number system used in everyday life, the decimal system, has 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
• Religion: the Ten Commandments in the Abrahamic religions.
• Music: The number of notes (12) in a chromatic scale.
• Astrology: There are 12 zodiac signs, each one representing part of the annual path of the sun's movement across the night sky.
• Computing – Microsoft Windows: Twelve successive consumer versions of Windows NT have been released as of December 2021.
• Music: The number (15) of completed, numbered string quartets by each of Ludwig van Beethoven and Dmitri Shostakovich.
• Linguistics: The Finnish language has fifteen noun cases.
• Mathematics: The hexadecimal system, a common number system used in computer programming, uses 16 digits where the last 6 are usually represented by letters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
• Computing – Unicode: The minimum possible size of a Unicode block is 16 contiguous code points (i.e., U+abcde0 - U+abcdeF).
• Computing – UTF-16/Unicode: There are 17 addressable planes in UTF-16, and, thus, as Unicode is limited to the UTF-16 code space, 17 valid planes in Unicode.
• Science fiction: The 23 enigma plays a prominent role in the plot of The Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson.
• Mathematics: e^π ≈ 23.140692633
• Music: a combined total of 24 major and minor keys, also the number of works in some musical cycles of J. S. Bach, Frédéric Chopin, Alexander Scriabin, and Dmitri Shostakovich.
• Alphabetic writing: There are 26 letters in the Latin-derived English alphabet (excluding letters found only in foreign loanwords).
• Science fiction: The number 42, in the novel The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, is the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything which is calculated by an enormous supercomputer over a period of 7.5 million years.
• Biology: Each human cell contains 46 chromosomes.
• Phonology: There are 47 phonemes in English phonology in Received Pronunciation.
• Syllabic writing: There are 49 letters in each of the two kana syllabaries (hiragana and katakana) used to represent Japanese (not counting letters representing sound patterns that have never occurred in Japanese).
• Chess: Either player in a chess game can claim a draw if 50 consecutive moves are made by each side without any captures or pawn moves.
• Demography: The population of Nassau Island, part of the Cook Islands, was around 78 in 2016.
• Syllabic writing: There are 85 letters in the modern version of the Cherokee syllabary.
• Music: There are 88 keys on a grand piano.
• Computing – ASCII: There are 95 printable characters in the ASCII character set.

10²

(100; hundred)

ISO: hecto- (h)

• European history: Groupings of 100 homesteads were a common administrative unit in Northern Europe and Great Britain (see Hundred (county division)).
• Music: There are 104 numbered symphonies of Franz Josef Haydn.
• Religion: 108 is a sacred number in Hinduism.
• Chemistry: 118 chemical elements have been discovered or synthesized as of 2016.
• Computing – ASCII: There are 128 characters in the ASCII character set, including nonprintable control characters.
• Videogames: There are 151 Pokémon in the first generation.
• Phonology: The Taa language is estimated to have between 130 and 164 distinct phonemes.
• Political Science: There were 193 member states of the United Nations as of 2011.
• Computing: A GIF image (or an 8-bit image) supports maximum 256 (=2⁸) colors.
• Computing – Unicode: There are 327 different Unicode blocks as of Unicode 15.0 (2022).
• Aviation: 583 people died in the 1977 Tenerife airport disaster, the deadliest accident not caused by deliberate terrorist action in the history of civil aviation.
• Music: The highest number (626) in the Köchel catalogue of works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
• Demography: Vatican City, the least populous independent country, has an approximate population of 800 as of 2018.

10³

(1000; thousand)

ISO: kilo- (k)

• Demography: The population of Ascension Island is 1,122.
• Music: 1,128: number of known extant works by Johann Sebastian Bach recognized in the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis as of 2017.
• Typesetting: 2,000–3,000 letters on a typical typed page of text.
• Mathematics: 2,520 (5×7×8×9 or 2³×3²×5×7) is the least common multiple of every positive integer under (and including) 10.
• Terrorism: 2,996 persons (including 19 terrorists) died in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
• Biology: the DNA of the simplest viruses has 3,000 base pairs.^[9]
• Military history: 4,200 (Republic) or 5,200 (Empire) was the standard size of a Roman legion.
• Linguistics: Estimates for the linguistic diversity of living human languages or dialects range between 5,000 and 10,000. (SIL Ethnologue in 2009 listed 6,909 known living languages.)
• Astronomy – Catalogues: There are 7,840 deep-sky objects in the NGC Catalogue from 1888.
• Lexicography: 8,674 unique words in the Hebrew Bible.

10⁴

(10000; ten thousand or a myriad)

• Biology: Each neuron in the human brain is estimated to connect to 10,000 others.
• Demography: The population of Tuvalu was 10,544 in 2007.
• Lexicography: 14,500 unique English words occur in the King James Version of the Bible.
• Zoology: There are approximately 17,500 distinct butterfly species known.^[10]
• Language: There are 20,000–40,000 distinct Chinese characters in more than occasional use.
• Biology: Each human being is estimated to have 20,000 coding genes.^[11]
• Grammar: Each regular verb in Cherokee can have 21,262 inflected forms.
• War: 22,717 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing in the Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest single day of battle in American history.
• Computing – Unicode: 42,720 characters are encoded in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, the most of any single public-use Unicode block as of Unicode 15.0 (2022).
• Aviation: As of July 2021^[update], 44,000+ airframes have been built of the Cessna 172, the most-produced aircraft in history.
• Computing - Fonts: The maximum possible number of glyphs in a TrueType or OpenType font is 65,535 (2¹⁶-1), the largest number representable by the 16-bit unsigned integer used to record the total number of glyphs in the font.
• Computing – Unicode: A plane contains 65,536 (2¹⁶) code points; this is also the maximum size of a Unicode block, and the total number of code points available in the obsolete UCS-2 encoding.
• Mathematics: 65,537 is the largest known Fermat prime.
• Memory: As of 2015^[update], the largest number of decimal places of π that have been recited from memory is 70,030.^[12]

10⁵

(100000; one hundred thousand or a lakh).

• Demography: The population of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was 100,982 in 2009.
• Biology – Strands of hair on a head: The average human head has about 100,000–150,000 strands of hair.
• Literature: approximately 100,000 verses (shlokas) in the Mahabharata.
• Computing – Unicode: 149,186 characters (including control characters) encoded in Unicode as of version 15.0 (2022).
• Language: 267,000 words in James Joyce's Ulysses.
• Computing – Unicode: 293,168 code points assigned to a Unicode block as of Unicode 15.0.
• Genocide: 300,000 people killed in the Rape of Nanking.
• Language – English words: The New Oxford Dictionary of English contains about 360,000 definitions for English words.
• Mathematics: 360,000 – The approximate number of entries in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences as of January 2023^[update].^[13]
• Biology – Plants: There are approximately 390,000 distinct plant species known, of which approximately 20% (or 78,000) are at risk of extinction.^[14]
• Biology – Flowers: There are approximately 400,000 distinct flower species on Earth.^[15]
• Literature: 564,000 words in War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy.
• Literature: 930,000 words in the King James Version of the Bible.
• Mathematics: There are 933,120 possible combinations on the Pyraminx.
• Computing – Unicode: There are 974,530 publicly-assignable code points (i.e., not surrogates, private-use code points, or noncharacters) in Unicode.

10⁶

(1000000; 1000²; long and short scales: one million)

ISO: mega- (M)

• Demography: The population of Riga, Latvia was 1,003,949 in 2004, according to Eurostat.
• Computing – UTF-8: There are 1,112,064 (2²⁰ + 2¹⁶ - 2¹¹) valid UTF-8 sequences (excluding overlong sequences and sequences corresponding to code points used for UTF-16 surrogates or code points beyond U+10FFFF).
• Computing – UTF-16/Unicode: There are 1,114,112 (2²⁰ + 2¹⁶) distinct values encodable in UTF-16, and, thus (as Unicode is currently limited to the UTF-16 code space), 1,114,112 valid code points in Unicode (1,112,064 scalar values and 2,048 surrogates).
• Ludology – Number of games: Approximately 1,181,019 video games have been created as of 2019.^[16]
• Biology – Species: The World Resources Institute claims that approximately 1.4 million species have been named, out of an unknown number of total species (estimates range between 2 and 100 million species). Some scientists give 8.8 million species as an exact figure.
• Genocide: Approximately 800,000–1,500,000 (1.5 million) Armenians were killed in the Armenian genocide.
• Linguistics: The number of possible conjugations for each verb in the Archi language is 1,502,839.^[17]
• Info: The freedb database of CD track listings has around 1,750,000 entries as of June 2005^[update].
• Computing – UTF-8: 2,164,864 (2²¹ + 2¹⁶ + 2¹¹ + 2⁷) possible one- to four-byte UTF-8 sequences, if the restrictions on overlong sequences, surrogate code points, and code points beyond U+10FFFF are not adhered to. (Note that not all of these correspond to unique code points.)
• Mathematics – Playing cards: There are 2,598,960 different 5-card poker hands that can be dealt from a standard 52-card deck.
• Mathematics: There are 3,149,280 possible positions for the Skewb.
• Mathematics – Rubik's Cube: 3,674,160 is the number of combinations for the Pocket Cube (2×2×2 Rubik's Cube).
• Geography/Computing – Geographic places: The NIMA GEOnet Names Server contains approximately 3.88 million named geographic features outside the United States, with 5.34 million names. The USGS Geographic Names Information System claims to have almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features within the United States.
• Computing - Supercomputer hardware: 4,981,760 processor cores in the final configuration of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer.
• Genocide: Approximately 5,100,000–6,200,000 Jews were killed in the Holocaust.
• Info – Web sites: As of July 5, 2024, the English Wikipedia contains approximately 6.8 million articles in the English language.

10⁷

(10000000; a crore; long and short scales: ten million)

• Demography: The population of Haiti was 10,085,214 in 2010.
• Literature: 11,206,310 words in Devta by Mohiuddin Nawab, the longest continuously published story known in the history of literature.
• Genocide: An estimated 12 million persons shipped from Africa to the New World in the Atlantic slave trade.
• Mathematics: 12,988,816 is the number of domino tilings of an 8×8 checkerboard.
• Genocide/Famine: 15 million is an estimated lower bound for the death toll of the 1959–1961 Great Chinese Famine, the deadliest known famine in human history.
• War: 15 to 22 million casualties estimated as a result of World War I.
• Computing: 16,777,216 different colors can be generated using the hex code system in HTML (note that the trichromatic color vision of the human eye can only distinguish between about an estimated 1,000,000 different colors).^[18]
• Science Fiction: In Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire, in 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by humans in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario.
• Genocide/Famine: 55 million is an estimated upper bound for the death toll of the Great Chinese Famine.
• Literature: Wikipedia contains a total of around 63 million articles in 344 languages as of July 2024.
• War: 70 to 85 million casualties estimated as a result of World War II.
• Mathematics: 73,939,133 is the largest right-truncatable prime.

10⁸

(100000000; long and short scales: one hundred million)

• Demography: The population of the Philippines was 100,981,437 in 2015.
• Internet – YouTube: The number of YouTube channels is estimated to be 113.9 million.^[19]
• Info – Books: The British Library holds over 150 million items. The Library of Congress holds approximately 148 million items. See The Gutenberg Galaxy.
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Order_of_magnitude_(numbers)
>Text je dostupný pod licencí Creative Commons Uveďte autora – Zachovejte licenci, případně za dalších podmínek. Podrobnosti naleznete na stránce Podmínky užití.

---